Ege in literature. From the literature of the late XIX - early XX century

The USE variant in literature consists of 17 tasks, which are divided into 2 parts:

• 1 part. It includes questions for analysis. USE options in Literature from 1st to 9th - excerpts from epic, lyrical or dramatic works. The first 7 of them require a short answer - in the form of a number, word or phrase. 8 and 9 need to be answered in detail. Tests from the 10th to the 16th are based on lyrical works. Some of them (10-14) should be answered briefly, the 15th and 16th questions should be answered in 5-10 sentences.
• part 2. Consists of one 17th task. Includes 4 tasks (17.1–17.4), from which you need to choose only ONE and give a detailed reasoned answer to it in the genre of writing on literary theme no less than 200 words.

325 minutes are allotted to complete the work.

Point distribution

• Tasks 1-7, 10-14 = 1 point
• Tasks 8, 15 = 6 points
• Tasks 9.16 = 10 points
• Task 17 = 14 points

The result is issued as "pass" or "fail", minimal amount points - 32. "Five" corresponds to 58 points.

Works required for the exam

Number of works :

• poetry - more than 150 poems and 9 poems;
• novels - 11;
• plays - 6;
• stories - 4;
• stories - within 20.

A specific list can be found in .

How to prepare for writing an essay

Despite the small size of the examination essay, it is not easy for many to write it: excitement and lack of experience in creating written works.

To ensure that the exam runs smoothly, preparing certain rules must be followed:

• write as much as possible, write regularly;
• start;
• build your own unique template, on the basis of which you will create essays on different topics;
• write essays regularly, prescribing an introduction, body and conclusion.
• delve into the problems of the work;
• write cards for each work or author;
• write down all the successful phrases and quotes that can be used for writing;
• train online.

The literature exam is taken by students who wish to connect their lives with philology, journalism, linguistics and other humanitarian areas in the future. The main difficulty of this work is due to the fact that the graduate will have to read a large amount of lyrical and prose works.

Purpose demo version in literature is to enable any USE participant and the general public to get an idea of ​​the structure of future KIM, the number of tasks, their form and level of complexity.

The given criteria for evaluating the performance of tasks with a detailed answer, included in this option, give an idea of ​​the requirements for the completeness and correctness of writing a detailed answer.

Demo version of the exam in literature 2018 with answers and criteria

Changes in KIM USE 2018 in literature compared to 2017

Improved and aligned with OGE criteria evaluation of detailed answers. Simplified algorithm of expert actions when evaluating detailed answers different types; greater transparency in the formation of marks for individual tasks and work as a whole (for an expert and an examinee) was ensured. The changes are aimed at improving the objectivity of assessment examination work and to strengthen the continuity between the forms of final control at different levels of school education. Strengthened control over the quality of speech of the examinee (speech is assessed in response to all tasks).

The requirements for performing comparative tasks 9 and 16 have been clarified: in the instructions for them there is no requirement to justify the choice of an example for comparison, which is reflected in the criteria for their assessment.

The fourth task has been introduced in part 2 (the themes of essays vary taking into account the genre and generic diversity of literary material and the literary era).

Maximum score for the entire work increased from 42 to 57 points. The procedure for appointing 3 experts has been clarified.

Instructions for work and individual tasks have been improved (they more fully, consistently and clearly reflect the requirements of the criteria, give a clear idea of ​​what actions and in what logic the examinee should perform).

The duration of the exam 2018 in literature

The duration of the exam in literature is 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes).

Structure of KIM USE

In the examination work, two parts are distinguished and continuous numbering of tasks is adopted. KIM includes 17 tasks that differ in form and level of complexity.

In part 1, it is proposed to complete tasks containing questions for the analysis of literary works. The ability of graduates to determine the main elements of the content and artistic structure of the studied works (themes and problems, characters and events, artistic techniques, different kinds tropes, etc.), as well as to consider specific literary works in relation to course material.

Part 2 of the work requires participants USE writing full-length extended essay on a literary theme. Thus, one more meaningful component of the course being checked is added to the literary material worked out in part 1. The graduate is offered 4 topics.

The graduate chooses only one of the proposed topics and writes an essay on it, substantiating his judgments by referring to the work (from memory). Writing an essay requires a great measure of cognitive independence and is most consistent with the specifics of literature as an art form and academic discipline which sets as its goals the formation of a qualified reader with a developed aesthetic taste and a need for spiritual, moral and cultural development.

Single State exam one of the most difficult in literature. According to statistics, no more than 5% of students choose it. The thing is that the tasks are drawn up with the expectation of the program of specialized humanitarian classes and schools. Previously, before the introduction of the Unified State Examination, an exam in the form of an essay was mandatory and 2 grades were immediately given for it - in literature and the Russian language. Now it is enough to pass the unified state exam in literature difficult task for a graduate of a regular school, since the questions cover topics studied in profile classes, and the ticket structure itself changes annually.

Most teachers are unanimous in their opinion that for successful passing the exam in literature in the 2017-2018 academic year, it’s not enough just to read all the works from the list school curriculum and be able to express your thoughts correctly. Required professional training, taking into account the specifics of current this moment KIMov.

In this article we will tell:

Having successfully passed the unified state exam in the Russian language, basic mathematics or profile level(depending on the requirements of the university) and literature, a graduate can choose different directions for himself.

In 2018, such a set of subjects will provide an opportunity to enter the vast majority of creative areas:

• faculty of journalism or military journalism. Journalism is the most popular humanitarian field with great job prospects. In most universities there is a huge competition for this specialty. In addition to literature, in most cases, a certificate in a foreign language will also be required;
• consistently high competition for a place and for universities that train translators (respectively, it is necessary to pass the Unified State Examination in a foreign language);
• linguistic and philological faculties;
• to universities that train translators (accordingly, passing the exam in a foreign language is required);
• faculty of journalism or military journalism (some universities also required a certificate in a foreign language);
• faculties teaching creative specialties: graphics, painting, sculpture, restoration, design, vocals, choreography, theater arts, etc. (an additional creative competition is mandatory in many universities);
• faculties that provide education as a producer, sound engineer, cinematographer (a certificate in mathematics of a specialized level is required).

Decide on a list necessary items worth even before the start of 2017-2018 school year, having familiarized with the requirements for applicants of a particular faculty, which can be found on the official website of the corresponding higher educational institution.

All the changes that will be made in 2018, as well as the most up-to-date information about the Unified State Examination in Literature, can also always be found on our portal.

Changes in the exam in literature in 2018

As part of the improvement of KIMs, the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation has developed a radically new promising model of USE tickets in literature and, most likely, already in 2018 graduates will have to face a number of innovations:

1. Questions with a short answer are completely excluded from the tickets.
2. The number of tasks of the participant's choice has increased.
3. In tasks for comparison, it will be necessary to compare the text with only 1 work (previously there were 2).
4. Essays will be checked more carefully, and the verification criteria will be tightened.
5. The minimum length of a detailed answer is 50 words, and essays - 250 words (essays that are less than 200 words are rated at 0 points).

You can also learn about innovations in the Unified State Examination in Literature by watching a video interview with Dmitry Bak, professor at the Russian State University for the Humanities:

235 minutes are given to complete all tasks.

The minimum passing score is 32 points.

To get an “excellent” rating, you need to score more than 67 points.

When evaluating the essay, the members of the commission will rely on the following criteria:

1. Depth of understanding of the problem and the presence of their own thoughts. The content of the answers is the main thing. Correct spelling and punctuation do not affect the answer, but speech errors, violation lexical norms, will take away points.
2. The level of theoretical and literary knowledge of the examinee.
3. Validity of the quoted excerpts from the works.
4. Logic and consistency of presentation.
5. Compliance with the norms and rules of the Russian language.

List of works for passing the exam in literature

One of the most pressing issues that concerns 11th graders is the list of works that need to be thoroughly studied in order to successful delivery Unified State Examination in Literature in 2018.

Indeed, the main difficulty of the exam is the need to possess a sufficiently large amount of information, because in USE codifier listed in the literature:

• over 150 poems;
• 11 novels;
• 9 poems;
• 6 plays;
• 4 stories;
• about 20 stories.

A complete list of works can be found in the "codifiers" section of the official USE website.

Preparation for the exam in literature

It is important to understand that high-quality preparation for the exam is not only about getting to know the meaning of various works, because in order to successfully pass the literature exam in 2018, you will need:

• deep understanding of the essence of the problems raised by different authors;
• possession of information about the portraits and characters of the characters;
• the ability to draw parallels between the plot of the work and the spiritual experiences of the author;
• Availability own opinion and the ability to defend and justify it;
• knowledge of the history of literature.

That is why it is necessary to read novels, short stories, poems, plays, stories and other literary works in the original, and not according to criticism, but in the process of reading, pay attention to the little things and lead reader's diary, in which to write down the basic information that will be needed in preparing for the exam and writing essays.

1. Write as many practice essays as possible, building for yourself certain templates for various topics.
2. Create a card for each writer with key dates and important information.
3. Think about the problems of the works.
4. Do not be lazy to write out phrases that can be used in essays.
5. If something is very difficult to remember, use diagrams and sketches.

Codifier- this is a list of works, skills, knowledge and definitions necessary for successful delivery final exam on literature. This guideline for teachers and students is published annually by FIPI so that we narrow down our searches and focus on the information that will definitely come in handy at X-hour. This list contains the main elements that make up literary criticism, that is, the necessary terms and information from the history of science. They are needed for a competent and in-depth analysis of books. It is the analysis skill that is tested in tasks 16 and 17, where the student must give extended answers to questions, reason and give arguments from what they have read.

What do you need to read to pass the exam? The list of works for the exam in 2018 is also attached to the codifier. It turns out that not all the books that pass at school will be needed for the final test. Only a few (and not the most difficult) of them made the list. Therefore, the stage of preparation devoted to "rereading" will not take long, given the fact that the bulk of the necessary literature was passed quite recently and has not yet had time to forget. Thus, a graduate needs a codifier to save time and direct his efforts in the right direction. Use it as a fundamental and generally accepted guide to self-preparation.

It is worth noting that not the most difficult books were chosen for the exam. For example, Doctor Zhivago, which is not loved by everyone, is extremely rare in variants, since its study in the codifier of works is called “survey”, that is, there will be no full-scale test of knowledge of the content of this novel. In addition, in some cases, you can choose a novel. For example, from Bulgakov's prose, a student may prefer either The Master and Margarita or The White Guard. It is not necessary to read both novels, it is enough to choose a simpler one. Thus, the list of books for the exam in literature is very useful information for those who want to minimize the time spent on preparation.

Poems from the codifier

The program does not include many verses, which also facilitates the preparation process. All these poems are connected thematically. Therefore, their systematic reading guarantees the absence of problems with task 16, where it is necessary, by analogy, to select similar works and tell what they have in common with the one given in the question. Of course, you don’t need to learn them by heart, but you can make thematic selections of poetic works for yourself and write out your impressions of each of them.

1. V.A. Zhukovsky: "Sea", Ballad "Svetlana"
2. A.S. Pushkin. Pushkin's lyrics: "Village", "Prisoner", "In the depths of the Siberian ores ...", "Poet", "To Chaadaev", "Song of the prophetic Oleg", "To the sea", "Nanny", "K ***" (“I remember a wonderful moment ...”), “October 19” (“The forest drops its crimson dress ...”), “Prophet”, “Winter road”, “Anchar”, “Night haze lies on the hills of Georgia ...”, “I loved you: still love, perhaps ...”, “Winter morning”, “Demons”, “Conversation of a bookseller with a poet”, “Cloud”, “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...”, “The daylight went out ...”, “Freedom sower desert …”, “Imitation of the Quran” (IX. “And the tired traveler murmured at God…”) “Elegy”, (“Crazy years faded fun…”), “…I visited again…”. Poem "The Bronze Horseman".
3. M.Yu. Lermontov: “No, I’m not Byron, I’m different ...”, “Clouds”, “Beggar”, “From under the mysterious, cold half-mask ...”, “Sail”, “Death of the Poet”, “Borodino”, “When the yellowing Niva…”, “Duma”, “Poet” (“My dagger shines with a golden finish…”), “Three palm trees”, “Prayer” (“In a difficult moment of life…”), “And boring and sad”, “No, I don’t love you so passionately ...”, “Motherland”, “Dream” (“In the midday heat in the valley of Dagestan ...”), “Prophet”, “How often, surrounded by a motley crowd ...”, “Valerik”, “I go out alone on the road…". The poem "Song about ... the merchant Kalashnikov." Poem "Mtsyri".
4. ON THE. Nekrasov: “Troika”, “I don’t like your irony ...”, “Railway”, “On the road”, “Yesterday, at five o’clock ...”, “We are stupid people ...”, “Poet and Citizen”, “Elegy” (“Let the changeable fashion speak to us ...”), “Oh Muse! I am at the door of the coffin ... ". Poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia".
5. A.A. Fet: “The dawn says goodbye to the earth ...”, “With one push to drive away the living boat ...”, “Evening”, “Learn from them - from the oak, from the birch ...”, “This morning, this joy ...”, “Whisper, timid breathing …”, “The night shone. The garden was full of moonlight. They lay ... "," Another May night ".
6. A.A. Block: "Stranger", "Russia", "Night, street, lamp, pharmacy ...", "In a restaurant", "The river spread. Flowing, sad lazily…” (from the cycle “On the Kulikovo field”), “On the railroad”, “I enter dark temples…”, “Factory”, “Rus”, “About valor, about exploits, about glory…” , "Oh, I want to live insanely ...". Poem "Twelve"
7. V.V. Mayakovsky: “Could you?”, “Listen!”, “Violin and a little nervously”, “Lilichka!”, “Anniversary”, “Seated”, “Nate!”, “Good attitude towards horses”, “An extraordinary adventure , who was with Vladimir Mayakovsky in the summer at the dacha”, “Gift Sale”, “Letter to Tatyana Yakovleva”. Poem "Cloud in Pants"
8. S.A. Yesenin: “Goy you, Russia, my dear! ..”, “Do not wander, do not crush in the crimson bushes ...”, “Now we are leaving a little ...”, “Letter to mother”, “Feeding is sleeping. Dear plain…”, “You are my Shagane, Shagane…”, “I don’t regret, I don’t call, I don’t cry…”, “Soviet Russia”, “The road thought about the red evening…”, “Hewn drogs sang…”, “Rus” , "Pushkin", "I'm going through the valley. Cap on the back of the head…”, “Low house with blue shutters…”
9. M.I. Tsvetaeva: “To my poems written so early…”, “Poems to Blok” (“Your name is a bird in your hand…”), “Who is made of stone, who is made of clay…”, “Longing for the motherland! For a long time ... ”,“ Books in red binding ”,“ Grandmother ”,“ Seven hills - like seven bells! .. ”(from the cycle“ Poems about Moscow ”)
10. O.E. Mandelstam: "Notre Dame", "Insomnia. Homer. Tight sails…”, “For the explosive prowess of the coming centuries…”, “I returned to my city, familiar to tears…”
11. A.A. Akhmatova: “Song of the last meeting”, “She squeezed her hands under a dark veil ...”, “I don’t need anything
    odic rati…”, “I had a voice. He called consolingly…”, “Native land”, “Tearful autumn, like a widow…”, “Seaside sonnet”, “There are such days before spring…”, “I am not with those who left the land…”, “Poems about St. Petersburg ”, “Courage”. Poem "Requiem".
12. B.L. Pasternak: February. Get ink and cry! ..”, “Definition of poetry”, “I want to reach everything ...”, “Hamlet”, “Winter night” (“It is snowy, snowy all over the earth ...”), “There will be no one in the house ... ”, “It is snowing”, “About these verses”, “To love others is a heavy cross ...”, “Pine trees”, “Hoarfrost”, “July”.
13. Poems by at least three authors of your choice: B.A. Akhmadulina, I.A. Brodsky, A.A. Voznesensky, V.S. Vysotsky, E.A. Evtushenko, N.A. Zabolotsky, Yu.P. Kuznetsov, L.N. Martynov, B.Sh. Okudzhava, N.M. Rubtsov, D.S. Samoilov, B.A. Slutsky, V.N. Sokolov, V.A. Soloukhin, A.A. Tarkovsky.
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Every year, demo versions of the USE of the current year are published on the official website of FIPI.

On August 21, 2017, draft documents regulating the structure and content of the KIM USE in 2018 were presented (including a demo version of the USE in literature).

There are documents that regulate the structure and content of KIM - a codifier and a specification.

Unified State Examination in Literature 2018 - demo version with answers and criteria from FIPI

Total tasks - 17; of them by type of tasks: with a short answer - 12; with a detailed answer - 5; by difficulty level: B - 12; P - 4; IN 1.

The maximum score for work is 57 (significant changes compared to last year).

Changes in the USE 2018 in literature compared to 2017

1. The criteria for evaluating detailed answers have been improved and brought closer to the OGE.

2. Simplified algorithm of actions of the expert when evaluating detailed answers of different types; greater transparency in the formation of marks for individual tasks and work as a whole (for an expert and an examinee) was ensured. The changes are aimed at increasing the objectivity of assessing the examination work and at strengthening the continuity between the forms of final control at different levels of school education.

3. Strengthened control over the quality of speech of the examinee (speech is assessed in response to all tasks).

4. The requirements for performing comparative tasks 9 and 16 have been clarified: in the instructions for them there is no requirement to justify the choice of an example for comparison, which is reflected in the criteria for their assessment.

5. The fourth task has been introduced in part 2 (the themes of essays vary taking into account the genre and generic diversity of literary material and the literary era).

6. The maximum score for the entire work has been increased from 42 to 57 points.

7. The procedure for appointing 3 experts has been clarified.

8. Instructions for work and individual tasks have been improved (they more fully, consistently and clearly reflect the requirements of the criteria, give a clear idea of ​​what actions and in what logic the examinee should perform)

The duration of the exam 2018 in literature

The duration of the exam in literature is 3 hours 55 minutes (235 minutes).

Distribution of KIM tasks by content, types of skills and methods of action

The list of content elements tested for the exam is presented in section 1 of the codifier. The list contains eight subsections. Based on subsection 1 "Information on the theory and history of literature", certain terms and concepts are used in the wording of tasks.

The remaining subsections distribute works fiction according to different literary eras:

From ancient Russian literature;

From the literature of the 18th century;

From the literature of the first half of XIX v.;

From the literature of the second half of the 19th century; -

from literature late XIX- the beginning of the 20th century;

From the literature of the first half of the 20th century;

From the literature of the second half of the 20th century - the beginning of the 21st century;

To compile the KIM USE, these subsections are combined into content blocks. In each version of the examination paper, there are necessarily tasks from three content blocks:

1) ancient Russian literature, literature XVIII v. and the first half of the 19th century;

2) literature of the second half of the 19th century;

3) literature of the late 19th century - early 21st century;