A long time ago, the fight with the hands of all friends was over. Sergey Orlov - He was buried in the globe: Verse
Booker Igor 09.05.2019 at 20:00
Few people know, but among the few holders of the highest military award of the Italian Republic, the gold medal "For Military Valor", only one foreign citizen... A simple Russian soldier Fyodor Poletaev. It was about such heroes in 1944 that I did not write very much today. famous poet and then a young soldier of the Great Patriotic War Sergei Orlov.
He was buried in a globe of the earth,
And he was only a soldier
In total, friends, a simple soldier,
No titles or awards.
The earth is like a mausoleum to him -
For a million centuries
AND Milky ways dust
Around him from the sides.
Many of our compatriots who fought during the Great Patriotic War are buried in a foreign land. Someone died when the Red Army liberated Europe from the brown plague, others perished, participating in the Resistance movement. More than 5 thousand fought among the Italian partisans Soviet citizens... The soldier Fyodor Poletaev, known by his partisan nickname "The Poet", became the hero of the Resistance. National hero of Italy, he was the first citizen of the USSR to be awarded the highest military award Italian Republic - the Gold Medal "For Military Valor", as well as the Garibaldi Medal. There are always fresh flowers on his grave in Genoa.
Fedor Andrianovich Poletaev was born on May 14, 1909 in the village of Katino in the Ryazan region. The 22-year-old was drafted into the army when he already had a family and a daughter, Alexander, was born. Poletaev served in the artillery regiment of the Moscow Proletarian Rifle Division, during his service he mastered the profession of a blacksmith. Demobilized, he and his family went to the village of Staromyshastovskaya in the Kuban, where he worked as a blacksmith, tractor driver, and combine operator on the GM Krzhizhanovsky collective farm. In January 1935, the family returned to their homeland, at that time - the Gorlovsky district of the Moscow region. Before the war, Poletaev had three more children: Valentina, Nikolai and Mikhail.
On November 29, 1941, Poletaev was enlisted in the 159th Light (after February 1942 - the 28th Guards Artillery) regiment of the 9th Guards Rifle Division of Major General A.P. Beloborodov, attached to the 16th Army of Lieutenant General K. K. Rokossovsky ( Western front). The division, in which Private Poletaev served, defended Moscow in the Volokolamsk direction near the city of Istra. In the winter of 1942, the gunner-gunner of the gun Poletaev was awarded the rank of sergeant. And in the summer of the same year, the 9th Rifle Guards Red Banner Division, which was part of the 38th Army, led fighting on the western bank of the Oskol River near the city of Kupyansk, where one of the powerful blows of the Nazis fell. After a difficult battle, Fedor was considered dead and buried in a mass grave in the village of Leninka. Home came a funeral that Poletaev "was killed on 22.6.42 Leninka village, Kupyansky district, Kharkov region. He was buried there. The commander of the unit Dokuchaev."
But Fyodor Andrianovich continued to fight as part of the 28th artillery regiment. At dawn on July 11, in the area of the Bokai farm in the Rostov region, the unit in which Poletaev served took a battle with enemy tanks and motorized infantry. The seriously wounded sergeant was taken out of the battlefield and left with the residents of one of the houses of the Bokai farm, who nursed him for two months. As soon as he got to his feet, Fedor was captured and was transported first to a concentration camp near Vyazma, then to Berdichev (Ukraine), and from there to the Polish city of Mielets. In March 1944, through the territory of Czechoslovakia and Hungary, to the concentration camp in the Croatian city of Brod-na-Sava. During the bombing of the city by the Allied aircraft, he escaped, but was captured and sent to Italy.
Poletaev was assigned to a work team at a German military unit located 25 km from Genoa. In the north-east of Italy, in Liguria, an Italian-Russian sabotage detachment (BIRS) operated, whose fighters on July 6, 1944 helped a group of Soviet prisoners of war to escape.
On November 7 Poletaev was enlisted in the "Nino Franchi" battalion (commander Giuseppe Salvarezza (nicknamed Pinan), commissar Luigi Rum (Falco). The battalion was part of the Garibaldi brigade "Oreste" of the "Pinan Chicero" partisan division. Poletaev took part in many Italian military operations. partisans in the region of the valleys of the Stura and Scrivia rivers, on the Genoa - Sarraval - Scrivia highway.
On February 2, 1945, the Germans occupied the village of Cantalupo. One partisan group had to bypass the Nazis from the rear and flanks. Another, in which F.A.Poletaev was, was to meet on the road descending into the valley.
The decisive attack forced the punitive forces, who had superiority in forces, to go on the defensive. And then, firing from a machine gun, Poletaev appeared on the road. In a loud, commanding voice, he ordered his enemies to lay down their weapons. Out of confusion, they began to throw down their weapons, as suddenly one of them threw up a machine gun and struck Fyodor Poletaev. The hero was buried with all honors in the cemetery in the town of Rochette, later his ashes were solemnly transferred to the famous Genoese monumental cemetery Staglieno - cimitero monumentale di Staglieno.
He was buried in a globe of the earth,
And he was only a soldier
In total, friends, a simple soldier,
No titles or awards.
The earth is like a mausoleum to him -
For a million centuries
And the Milky Way is dusty
Around him from the sides.
The clouds are sleeping on the red slopes,
Snowstorms sweep
Heavy thunder thunders
The winds take a run.
The battle ended long ago ...
By the hands of all friends
The guy is put in the globe,
As if in a mausoleum ...
Analysis of the poem "He was buried in the globe" by Orlov
Sergey Sergeevich Orlov - Soviet poet, front-line soldier, tanker, platoon commander. Literary ability showed it in childhood, but really his talent was revealed in the war. The poem "He was buried in the globe" is a vivid confirmation of this.
The poem was written in 1944. Its author was 23 years old, was a militia, but graduated tank school and became a tanker. By genre - patriotic lyrics, meter - iambic tetrameter with cross rhyme, without dividing into stanzas. Open and closed rhymes. The composition is circular, with a return to the beginning of the poem. The vocabulary is bookish and colloquial. The soldier's feat is so great that the entire globe becomes his grave. The same, universal scale ("for a million centuries"), there must be a memory of him. Therefore, the work is replete with hyperboles in almost every line: it was buried in the earth's globe, the Milky Way dusty around it (here our galaxy is also diminished, the only Milky Way becomes one of many ways). The "guy" is a symbol of all those who died in the war, the hands of friends, winners, lower him into the grave. Indirectly, the poet also affirms the old truth, which is not always associated with a heroic deed: a person's life is the most precious thing. To give it "for your friends" is the meaning of self-sacrifice. In the middle there is a short landscape sketch: clouds, blizzards, thunder, wind. Impersonations: the clouds are asleep, the winds take a run. There are especially many verbal rhymes in this episode. The mausoleum is a burial complex for a noble deceased. In verse, such a monument is the whole Earth, watered with the blood of soldiers. Comparison: he is like a mausoleum. Epithets: heavy thunder, red stingrays, simple soldier. Poet with confidential intonation speaks to readers, referring to them as "friends". It should be noted that at that time the war was not over yet, but S. Orlov is already trying to comprehend this terrible event in its entirety, looks into the future, appeals not only to his contemporaries, but also to descendants. "The battle ended long ago," but we must not forget about it. The unnamed soldier, the unknown - someone's son, friend, a man who dreamed of living. The value of this work also lies in the fact that it comes from a participant, witness, comrade. Twice the poet ends the line with an ellipsis to emphasize the solemnity and tragedy of the moment.
The poem "He was buried in the globe" by S. Orlov has long become a song. The opening of a memorial to the Unknown Soldier in Moscow in the 1960s can also be considered an echo of this poem.
Writing
Our land is a part of us. This is where we work, study, live. These are flowering gardens, these are rivers, this is a peaceful sky overhead, this is the joyful and calm life of free people who strive to improve this land and ensure peace.
War is a terrible word. This is horror, this is destruction, this is madness, this is the destruction of all living things. When war comes to the earth, all those who care about this land stand up to defend it.
So it was in one thousand nine hundred and forty-one, when in Soviet Union attacked fascist Germany... To fight the enemy, the whole Soviet people... People were ready to fight to the last drop of blood, not sparing themselves and their lives. Many years have passed since the end of the Great Patriotic War, but the memory of the people who defended our land from the Nazis will remain with us forever.
I have read B. Vasiliev's novel “Not included in the lists”. This novel made a huge impression on me. The novel is read with unflagging interest from start to finish. The thoughts and behavior of the characters are kept in constant tension.
Young Lieutenant Just Graduated military school, Nikolay Pluzhnikov, together with other cadets arrived at the location Brest Fortress on the night that separated the world from the war. He had not yet been included in the lists, but in the morning the battle, which lasted nine months for the lieutenant. By the time of the war, Nikolai was barely twenty years old. We see how a hero is born from a lieutenant, and his actions become a heroic deed. He could leave the fortress. This would not be desertion or treason. Pluzhnikov was not on the lists, he was a free man. And it was this freedom that gave him a choice. He chose what made him a hero. I want to acknowledge his solidarity with other soldiers. He does not think about himself, but helps other soldiers to overcome horror, fear. He thinks about the fact that the foreman who saved his life is dying himself. Having met a soldier, Pluzhnikov told him: “I thought for a long time what to call myself if I get to the Germans. Now I know. I am a Russian soldier. "
My respect for Nikolai and for people like him is boundless. This is not only because they saved our lives, ensured a peaceful existence, but also because they are a living example of firmness of character, an example from which we must learn.
The end of the novel is tragic. “At the entrance to the fortress stood incredible skinny person of indeterminate age. He looked haggard, his head held high. When the officer asked who he was, Pluzhnikov proudly replied: “I am a Russian soldier. This is my rank, this is my surname. " The lieutenant never identified himself. The German officers were amazed at the will and character of this man.
Nikolai Pluzhnikov and people like him are the pride of our land. They love their land, their homeland. And if danger looms over her, they are ready to protect her.
A monument to the Unknown Soldier was erected in Brest. There is always a fire burning at his grave. This is a symbol of deep popular respect for those who fought for the peaceful life of the people, for the liberation of the earth.
We are a peaceful people, but if danger hangs over our land, we will rise to fight.
He was buried in a globe of the earth,
And he was only a soldier
In total, friends, a simple soldier,
No titles or awards.
The earth is like a mausoleum to him -
For a million centuries
And the Milky Way is dusty
Around him from the sides.
The clouds are sleeping on the red slopes,
Snowstorms sweep
Heavy thunder thunders
The winds take a run.
The battle ended long ago ...
By the hands of all friends
The guy is put in the globe,
As if in a mausoleum ...
This poem was written by the front-line poet Sergei Orlov in June 1944, many years before the tomb of the Unknown Soldier appeared in Moscow. However, the poet was able to express main essence and the meaning of what has become one of the greatest shrines of our Fatherland, personifying the memory of those who fell on the way to Victory.
Military cunning of Nikolai Egorychev
The idea of the tomb of the Unknown Soldier first appeared in France after the end of the First World War, where they decided to honor the memory of all the fallen heroes of the Fatherland. In the Soviet Union, a similar idea appeared 20 years after the Great Patriotic War, when May 9 was declared a day off, and state celebrations in honor of Victory Day became regular.
In December 1966, Moscow was preparing to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the battle under the walls of the capital. At the first secretary of the Moscow City Party Committee Nikolay Egorychev the idea of creating a monument to ordinary soldiers who died in the battle for Moscow came up. Gradually, the head of the capital came to the conclusion that the monument should be dedicated not only to the heroes of the battle for Moscow, but also to all those who fell during the Great Patriotic War.
It was then that Yegorychev remembered the grave of the Unknown Soldier in Paris. While he was thinking about the possibility of creating an analogue of this memorial in Moscow, the head of the government, Alexei Kosygin, turned to him. As it turned out, Kosygin was worried about the same question. He asked: why is there such a memorial in Poland, but not in the USSR?
Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in Paris. Photo: Commons.wikimedia.org
Enlisting support Kosygin, Yegorychev turned to the specialists who created the first sketches of the monument.
The final "go-ahead" was to be given by the leader of the country, Leonid Brezhnev... However, he did not like the initial project. He considered that the Alexander Garden was not suitable for such a memorial, and suggested that they find another place.
The problem was also that where the Eternal Flame is now located, there was an obelisk dedicated to the 300th anniversary of the House of Romanovs, which later became a monument to revolutionary thinkers. To implement the project, the obelisk had to be moved.
Egorychev turned out to be a resolute man - he carried out the transfer of the obelisk with his own power. Then, seeing that Brezhnev did not make a decision on the grave of the Unknown Soldier, he went to a tactical maneuver. Before the ceremonial meeting in the Kremlin on November 6, 1966, dedicated to the anniversary October revolution, he placed all the sketches and models of the monument in the rest room of the Politburo members. When the members of the Politburo got acquainted with the project and approved it, Yegorychev actually put Brezhnev in a position where he could no longer refuse to give the “go-ahead”. As a result, the project of the Moscow tomb of the Unknown Soldier was approved.
The hero was found near Zelenograd
But there was still one more important question - where to look for the remains of a soldier who was forever to become the Unknown Soldier?
Fate decided everything for Egorychev. At this moment, during construction in Zelenograd near Moscow, workers stumbled upon mass grave soldiers killed in the battles near Moscow.
The transfer of the ashes of the Unknown Soldier, Moscow December 3, 1966. Photographer Boris Vdovenko, Commons.wikimedia.org
The requirements were strict, excluding any possibility of chance. The grave, chosen in order to take the ashes from it, was located in a place where the Germans did not reach, which means that the soldiers definitely did not die in captivity. One of the fighters has a well-preserved uniform with the insignia of a private - the Unknown Soldier was supposed to be a simple fighter. Another subtle point - the deceased was not supposed to be a deserter or a person who committed another military crime and was shot for it. But the belt was removed from the criminal before the execution, and the belt on the soldier from the grave near Zelenograd was in place.
The chosen soldier had no documents and nothing to indicate his identity - he fell like unknown hero... Now he was becoming an Unknown Soldier for the whole large country.
On December 2, 1966, at 2.30 pm, the remains of a soldier were placed in a coffin, at which a military guard was set up, which was replaced every two hours. On December 3, at 11:45 am, the coffin was placed on a gun carriage, after which the procession headed to Moscow.
On the last journey of the Unknown Soldier, thousands of Muscovites were seen off, lined up along the streets along which the procession was moving.
A funeral meeting was held on Manezhnaya Square, after which party leaders and Marshal Rokossovsky carried the coffin in their arms to the burial place. Under artillery volleys An unknown soldier found peace in the Alexander Garden.
One for all
The architectural ensemble "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier", created by the architects Dmitry Burdin, Vladimir Klimov, Yuri Rabaev and the sculptor Nikolay Tomsky, was opened on May 8, 1967. The author of the famous epitaph "Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal" was the poet Sergey Mikhalkov.
On the day of the opening of the memorial, a fire lit in Leningrad from the memorial on the Field of Mars was delivered to Moscow in an armored vehicle. He took over the solemn mourning torch relay, which he handed over to the head of the USSR Leonid Brezhnev... The Soviet General Secretary, himself a war veteran, lit the Eternal Flame at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
On December 12, 1997, by decree of the President of Russia, guard of honor number 1 was established at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier.
The eternal flame at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier was extinguished only once, in 2009, when the memorial was being reconstructed. At this time, the Eternal Flame was transferred to Poklonnuyu mountain, to the Museum of the Great Patriotic War. On February 23, 2010, after the completion of the reconstruction, the Eternal Flame returned to its rightful place.
An unknown soldier will never acquire a first and last name. For all those whose loved ones fell on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, for all those who did not know where their brothers, fathers, grandfathers laid their heads, the Unknown Soldier will forever remain the same dear person who sacrificed his life for the future of his descendants, for the future of their homeland.
He gave his life, he lost his name, but he became dear to everyone who lives and will live in our vast country.
Your name is unknown, your feat is immortal.
“Sergei Orlov belongs to that heroic tribe of poets,” wrote Nikolai Tikhonov, “who was destined to take an active part in the Great Patriotic War, to witness a nationwide feat, to go through the fire of the most fierce battles, burn and not burn in this fire, become a winner, say about yourself:
Who is talking about songs of the underdressed?
We carried our life, like a song ... "
He went to the front from his first year at Petrozavodsk University and until February 1944 commanded a tank platoon. He was badly wounded; burned in the tank. The first book by Sergei Orlov was published immediately after the war, it included poems written in between battles. The book was called Speed Three. “The third speed, - says the poet, - combat speed. At the third speed, my fellow soldiers led the tanks to the attack ... ". It was in this book that the poem "He was buried in the globe of the earth ...", which is first remembered after the name of Sergei Orlov, was a poem-monument to a simple soldier who died for the liberation of mankind. "
The poem was written in 1944. This is one of the best works about the feat. Soviet soldier created by means of lyrical generalization. The poetic thought of S. Orlov strove for a scale, globality of the image, but the image of a soldier remained simple, close and dear to each of us. This image is grandiose and at the same time permeated with kindness and cordiality.
The poem has a circular composition. It begins and ends with the image of the globe. The poet compares the earth to a mausoleum, nature itself becomes the eternal home of a dead soldier:
The earth is like a mausoleum to him -
For a million centuries
And the Milky Way is dusty Around him from the sides.
The clouds are sleeping on the red slopes,
Snowstorms sweep
Heavy thunder thunders
The winds take a run.
This is how the motive of eternity arises in the poem, eternal memory... "The battle ended long ago ...", but the meaning of the feat is not subject to time.
The stanza of the poem is free, the rhyme is cross. The poet uses various means of artistic expression: epithets (“on red slopes”), comparison (“The earth is like a mausoleum to him”), metaphor and hyperbole (“He was buried in the globe of the earth ...”).
