home epics Russian language to read prose. We will save you, Russian speech? Analysis of the poem in prose "Russian language" by Turgenev

Russian language to read prose. We will save you, Russian speech? Analysis of the poem in prose "Russian language" by Turgenev

In days of doubt, in days of painful reflection
From the prose poem “The Russian Language” (1882) by I. S. Turgenev (1818-1883): “In the days of doubt, in the days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you are my only support and support, O great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language!.. Without you, how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home. But it is impossible to believe that such a language was not given to a great people!”
Usually the beginning of this phrase is quoted when describing a difficult, crisis moment in someone's life.
In its full form, this phrase is quoted as a reminder of the richness and independent value of the Russian language.

Encyclopedic Dictionary of winged words and expressions. - M.: "Lokid-Press". Vadim Serov. 2003 .

See what "In the days of doubt, in the days of painful reflections" is in other dictionaries:

Quote from a poem in prose by I.S. Turgenev Russian language (1882): In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections about the fate of my homeland, you alone support and support me, oh great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Dictionary of winged words and expressions

Alexander Dulov, concert 1998 Alexander Andreevich Dulov (May 15, 1931, Moscow November 15, 2007, Moscow) author of the song ... Wikipedia

Alexander Dulov, concert 1998 Alexander Andreevich Dulov (1931-2007) Russian chemist, Doctor of Chemical Sciences (1995), bard, composer. Contents 1 Biography 2 Editions ... Wikipedia

Preposition choice

Preposition choice- 1. When choosing a preposition in synonymous constructions, the difference in semantic and stylistic shades between them is taken into account. Wed: to someone’s remark - to someone’s remark (in this combination, the first option has ... ... A guide to spelling and style

Venedikt Vasilyevich (1938 1990) Russian writer, cult figure of Russian intellectualism 1960-1990s. He comes from a family of professional diplomats. The life and works of E. were the subject of a number of biographical and textual ... ... The latest philosophical dictionary

Books

, . “In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections about the fate of my homeland, you are my only support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language!
The great and mighty Russian language. Aphorisms, Kodzova S.Z. `In the days of doubt, in the days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you alone support and support me, oh great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! v…

I have never studied the Russian language theoretically and I don’t know its history well - but I have some thoughts about it ...

I. S. Turgenev. From a letter to S. T. Aksakov

14 (26). 11. 1853.

In the history of the Russian language and literature, I. S. Turgenev plays an exceptionally important role; his influence on the fate of Russian literature is enormous and undeniable. Turgenev's language, which received highest rating contemporaries and descendants, the subject of our national pride. Therefore, the statements of the great writer about the Russian language, full of great educational significance, are so important and valuable to us.

When introducing students to the linguistic views of I. S. Turgenev, teachers usually use materials included in the well-known - unfortunately, not republished for a long time - anthology "Russian writers about language". This article offers material, for the most part not included in the named collection, gleaned by us from the letters of I. S. Turgenev, See: Turgenev I. S. Poln. coll. op. and letters. In 28 volumes - M.-L.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1960 - 1968. - Letters. T. I-XIII. Further, in brackets, the volume and number of the letter are indicated. as well as from letters and memoirs of the writer's contemporaries, articles and monographs, which have become a bibliographic rarity.

A faithful student of Pushkin, I. S. Turgenev, according to F. I. Buslaev, “inherited from him the same sensitivity, the same fiery love for his native word. His language was truly his own; in him alone he saw a guarantee of reconciliation with everything that was done bad in the homeland. Bulletin of Europe. - 1899. - T. IV. - S. 730. I.S. Turgenev, speaking of Pushkin, admitted: “I have always considered myself his student, and my highest literary ambition is to be eventually recognized for his good student". See Brodsky N.I.S. Turgenev in the memoirs of his contemporaries and his letters. - M., 1924. - Part 2. - S. 148.

Deep respect and love for their native language were instilled in the Turgenev brothers from childhood. The writer's father, Sergei Nikolayevich Turgenev, wrote to his sons on August 25, 1830: “You all write to me in French or German, why do you neglect our natural language? If you are very weak in it, it surprises me very much. It's time! It's time! To be able to communicate well in Russian not only in words, but also in writing. It's necessary". literary thought. - Pg. - L., 1922 - 1925. - T. II. - S. 224.

Love for the Russian people, the “great, mighty, truthful and free” Russian language, I. S. Turgenev carried in his heart all his life.

The writer's contemporaries have repeatedly noted his surprisingly deep knowledge of the Russian language. For contemporary Russian writers, Turgenev was an indisputable authority in this respect. I. E. Repin in a letter to V. F. Seeler wrote: “He had his own original view of everything. I saw a lot both in Europe and in Russia; and knew perfectly well. Russian people and its language. Turgenev collection: Materials for the complete works and letters of I. S. Turgenev - L .: Nauka, 1967. - T. III. - P.403.

In Turgenev's understanding, language and people are not just inseparable, but vitally connected and mutually conditioned concepts. The character of the Russian people, their past, present and guarantee of a great future, the brilliant artist saw in the Russian language.

About this is his immortal prose poem, written in June 1882:

Russian language

In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections on the fate of my homeland, you alone are my support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you - how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!

The founder and editor of the Vestnik Evropy magazine, M. M. Stasyulevich, sharing his impressions of reading Prose Poems from the manuscript, wrote to A. P. Pypin (August 13/25, 1882) that they were small in volume and that, for example, the “Russian language” has a size “exactly five lines, but,” he added, “these are golden lines that say more than in any other treatise; with such love could Paganini speak of his violin ”(“ Literary Heritage. - T. 73, book, 1, pp. 410-411.). Since the "Russian Language" concluded the entire series of "poems in prose" published in the "Bulletin of Europe" in 1882, and for a long time was considered the last link in the cycle that composes them, contemporaries considered these "words about our mother tongue swan song of Turgenev” (“Links. Collection of materials and documents on the history of literature, art and social thought.” - M.-L.: Academia T. I, p. 506).

The connection between the fate of the Russian people and their language was noted more than once by Turgenev. So, in a letter to Countess V.E. Lambert dated December 12/24, 1859, he wrote about the Russian language: “... for expressing many and the best thoughts, it is surprisingly good in its honest simplicity and free power. Strange affair! These four qualities - honesty, simplicity, freedom and strength - are not among the people, but they are in the language ... So, they will be among the people. To those contemporaries who were skeptical about the future of Russia, Turgenev - according to the memoirs of N.V. Shcherban - said: “And I would, perhaps, doubt them ... - but the language? Where will the skeptics go with our flexible, charming, magical language? Believe me, gentlemen, the people who have such language, people great "(" Russian Messenger. - 1890. - No. 7. - S. 12 -13). According to S. I. Lavrenteva (“Experienced, From Memoirs.” - St. Petersburg - 1914. - S. 142), Turgenev spoke with her about “our beautiful rich language”, “which until the time of Peter was so hard and which with Pushkin developed so richly, developed so poetically. “By the very same,” Turgenev added, “I believe that the people who have developed such a language should have a great future.” N. A. Yushkova, in a letter to the writer V. Mikulich (L. I. Veselitskaya), recalling the meeting with Turgenev in St. Petersburg in 1880, also said: of the Russian people, to the Russian language (“Links ...”. - T. I. - S. 506). See: cit. according to I. S. Turgenev. Complete Op. and letters in 28 vols. Works. - T. XIII, p. 670-671.

V works of art, numerous articles and reviews, in the letters of I. S. Turgenev to friends, acquaintances, young writers contain many interesting remarks and observations concerning the most diverse aspects of the Russian language.

In the era of widespread enthusiasm for the French language, which filled the “noble nests” and “noble literature”, I. S. Turgenev acts as a defender of the purity of Russian speech. “Take care of the purity of the language, like a shrine,” he wrote to Princess E. V. Lvova. - Never use foreign words. The Russian language is so rich and flexible that we have nothing to take from those who are poorer than us” (Vol. XII, No. 4171).

I. S. Turgenev develops this idea in a letter to Countess E. E. Lambert: “You will see that although he (Russian language. - A. B.) does not have the boneless flexibility of the French language - for expressing many and best thoughts - it is amazingly good in its honest simplicity and free power” (Vol. III, No. 800). In another letter, he continues: “Do you know that you write very well in Russian? Just don't be shy and dare to beat the grammar and syntax on the nose - it will turn out very well. Whether business - to mess with this young, fresh, clumsy, but healthy language. And the French language, like an unpleasantly warning lackey, runs to meet you and sometimes makes you say something that is not quite what you think, which is much worse than if it forced you to say something completely different from what you think” (Vol. IV, No. 862).

It is known that I. S. Turgenev himself had an excellent command of several languages. L. N. Tolstoy recalled: “In all languages, he did not speak fluently (as they say), but surprisingly. Unusually graceful, not exaggerating and not copying the national accent, but pronouncing correctly and firmly. Ostrovsky A. Turgenev in the records of his contemporaries. - L., 1929. - S. 255

At the same time, Turgenev was convinced that a Russian writer could only succeed if he wrote in Russian.

When the critic A. S. Vengerov, wanting to emphasize how fluent the great writer was in foreign languages, noticed that Turgenev wrote stories in French, German and English, then the usually restrained Turgenev flew into a rage:

“God knows what nonsense! I have never written a single line for publication in a language other than Russian. Yes, and how to write it in a language other than your own ?! (Vol. XI, No. 3658). V open letter to the editorial office of the newspaper "Nash Vek" (1877. - No. 72), as well as in a response letter to Vengerov himself, he publicly repeats what was said:

“I have never printed a single line in my life in a language other than Russian; otherwise I would not be an artist - but - simply - rubbish. How is it possible to write in a foreign language - when in your own, in your native language, you can hardly cope with images, thoughts, etc.! (Vol. XI, No. 3657).

Even in letters, I. S. Turgenev always preferred his native language, and only in those cases when the addressee did not speak Russian, did he write letters in the language of the addressee. “Dear Sofya Andreevna,” he wrote to S. A. Miller, “let me, firstly, write to you in Russian - it is much easier in French - but the friendly feeling that I have for you is somehow more free express themselves in their native language” (Vol. II No. 233).

Science has the facts that many drafts of the "French" letters of I. S. Turgenev (for example, Pauline Viardot) "originally were written in Russian." Istomin K K. Turgenev's "Old Manner" (1834-1855). Experience in the psychology of creativity. - SPb., 1913. - S. 60.

However, always having the opportunity to compare Russian word or a turn of speech with a foreign language, he sometimes admitted that in order to express certain shades of meanings in the Russian language, there is a lack of a special expression; “I would very much like to know not only your intentions,” he wrote to Countess E. E. Lambert, “but also their numbers, that is, lour date. (And the Russian language is still bad and awkward) ”(Vol. IV, No. 1096).

For Turgenev, there was no false fear that borrowings could absorb, dissolve in themselves, or belittle the nationally distinctive Russian culture, the great Russian language.

“Are we really so little original and so weak that we must be afraid of any extraneous influence and brush it off with childish horror, no matter how it spoils us? I do not believe this: I believe, on the contrary, that even in my seven waters - our Russian essence cannot be taken out of us. Yes, and what would we be, otherwise, for an inferior people! I will say from my own experience: my devotion to the principles developed by Western life did not prevent me from vividly feeling and jealously guarding the purity of Russian speech. Cit. according to the article: according to the article: Malakhovskiy V. A. Turgenev-linguist. - Russian language at school. - 1941. - No. 1. It is interesting to note in this regard a similar point of view on borrowing, expressed by Acad. L. V. Shcherboy in the work "Modern Russian literary language" L. V. Shcherba. Selected works on the Russian language. - M., 1957. - S. 123).

With a lively interest, I. S. Turgenev treated everything that had to do with the Russian language and Russian literature. He often called himself an old philologist: "As an old philologist, I will allow myself to make the following remarks ..."

One of the first he spoke approvingly of the works of V. I. Dahl, with whom he was personally acquainted. A review of "Tales, Tales and Stories of the Cossack Lugansk" was published without Turgenev's signature in "Notes of the Fatherland" (1843. - No. 12). When V. I. Dal died, I. S. Turgenev wrote to his friend P. V. Annenkov: “So, my former head of the Ministry of Internal Affairs V. I. Dal ordered to live long! He left behind a trail: Dictionary” and could say “Exegi monumentum” “I erected a monument” (lat.) ”(Vol. IX, No. 2957). Russian writer Turgenev contemporary

I. S. Turgenev persistently defended the purity of Russian speech. His remarks touched on various aspects of the language: spelling errors, excessive use of dialect words, abuse of Gallicisms, etc. Here are some of the writer's statements:

“I can't help but notice that you are still rather weak in spelling; try to pay more attention to this subject” (vol. VIII, no. 2326).

Generally writing Turgenev pays Special attention, rightly believing that literacy can be used to judge the culture and education of a person. In a letter written in French to his daughter Polina, he writes: “Your affection for me makes me very happy, but the mental anxiety in which you were had an effect on your spelling, and it became even more extraordinary. Listen, Polina, is it really such a difficult thing? In our time, a sixteen-year-old girl who writes with gross errors in coordination is an exceptional being. ... To insist so much on questions of spelling seems petty, but besides the fact that we are quite right to judge someone's education by the way he writes, we can rightly assume that if attention is lacking in trifles, it should be even more lacking in big things. - In a word - making spelling mistakes is uncleanliness; the same as if you were blowing your nose with your fingers” (vol. III, no. 613).

Usually gentle, condescending to the shortcomings of novice writers, constantly fussing for the next "young talent", Turgenev was categorical, harsh, even caustic when it came to language and style. And it doesn’t matter whether he answered a novice or a venerable poet: “It’s better to write nothing a hundred times than to write mediocre and sluggish” (A. V. Sorneva, vol. X, No. 3324). “I hate these damn things - not in Russian. “Hate” requires an accusative. After that you will say - I hate this woman ... ”(A. A. Fetu, vol. III, No. 811). “In Russian, they say nedegakh - and nydugi - responds with something very seminary like: oak tree” (A. A. Fetu, vol. V, No. 1517). “I didn’t like the story itself (however, it seems I already wrote to you about this) - I didn’t like it: it wasn’t thought out - it’s as if you are in a hurry here too - and, moreover, its language is too careless and dotted with Little Russianisms” (M. A. Markovich, vol. IV , No. 892). “You constantly use the words: “I have the honor”, “I had the honor” ... All this is not necessary ”(E. V. A., vol. XII, No. 4687).

In response to a letter from A. A. Fet, who reported that L. Tolstoy was studying Greek language in order to be able to read ancient authors in the originals, I. S. Turgenev writes: “I am very glad that Tolstoy is better and that he has overcome the Greek language so much - this does him great honor and will bring him great benefit. But why does he talk about the need to create some kind of special Russian language? Create a language!! - create the sea. It spread around in boundless and bottomless waves; our - writer's - business is to direct part of these waves into our channel, to our mill” (vol. IX, no. 2723).

I. S. Turgenev forever entered the history of Russia not only as a great master, whose creations raised the technique of the Russian artistic language "to the level of the brilliantly processed language of French, German and English literature of his time." Malakhovskiy V. A. Turgenev-linguist… - P. 10. Based on his novels, stories, short stories, plays, poems, it is possible and necessary to study the history of Russian social thought, Russian way of life, customs, folk culture, Russian character. “I would like to see a daredevil,” wrote the historian V. O. Klyuchevsky in a letter to A. F. Koni, “the historian toy, i.e., of our era, who would dare to do without Turgenev, Dostoevsky, etc., not in the chapter on literature, but in the section on public types... ". Cit. by Koni A. F. Na life path. - M., 1916. - T. II. - S. 199. His literary works they themselves became part of Russian social thought, had a significant and lasting influence on the formation of characters, on the education of many generations.

Throughout his long creative life, the writer acted as a constant defender of the purity of the Russian language, demanding a careful attitude towards it. And today - perhaps more than ever before - the great master's testament remains full of deep meaning: “And my request is this: take care of our language, our beautiful Russian language, this treasure, this property handed down to us by our predecessors ... Address respectfully with this mighty weapon; in the hands of the skilful, it is able to perform miracles! Turgenev I. S. Regarding "Fathers and Sons".

"Turgenev Poems in Prose" - "Poems in Prose" were written by I.S. Turgenev at the end of his life, in 1878-1882. Rhythm, meter, rhyme. Lyric genres. Poetry, poem. I. S. Turgenev (1818 - 1883). close to the author. Krupko Anna Ivanovna, No. 233-103-883. Experiences, feelings. "V" - already knew (a), "+" - new, "-" - thought (a) differently, "?" - I do not understand, there are questions.

"Heroes of Bezhin Meadow" - Pavlusha is distinguished by efficiency, courage, sobriety of mind. Facilities artistic expressiveness. Are all the characters in the story able to feel the mystery and beauty of the world around them? What brings Kostya closer to other guys? V.A. Makovsky. 1879. I.S. Turgenev. Fedya. Do you remember literary works where such a situation occurs?

"Turgenev Bezhin meadow" - The author's speech is musical, melodic, full of bright, memorable epithets: "sparkling crimson bushes", "red, golden streams of young, hot light." Lesson on the topic: "The magical beauty and power of the Russian word." The hunter admired the boys The heroes of Bezhina Meadows are peasant boys. "It was a beautiful July day."

"Ivan Turgenev" - In the works of Turgenev, traces of Lutovin's antiquity clearly appear. … Do I love my homeland? The center of the estate is a two-storey wooden house decorated with columns. R o dosl o v n and I. “When will you be in the rescue…”. Painting by artist b. Shcherbakov. There, the air seems to be “full of thoughts”! ..

"Turgenev Fathers and Sons" - A. Panaeva. P. Weil, A. Genis. Teacher of Russian language and literature. MOU secondary school No. 2 ZATO p. Solnechny Olovyannikova Elena Petrovna. Such is the ideal harmony of being in the view of Turgenev. "Fathers and Sons" is perhaps the most noisy and scandalous book in Russian literature. Socio-philosophical, polemical.

"Turgenev biography" - About what story in question? One of the main topics in the novel is the theme of relations between generations. Cat in a poke 2 (3 minds). What was the reason for the arrest of the writer? Biography 2 (3 minds). Methodical work. Heroes and works 1 (1um). Turgenev left Sovremennik forever. 1. 1828 - 1910 2. 1818 - 1883 3. 1809 - 1852 4. 1812 - 1891.

In total there are 28 presentations in the topic

Analysis of the poem in prose "Russian language" by Turgenev

I. Turgenev was a truly Russian writer, deeply worried about the fate of his homeland. In his works, he boldly and truthfully expressed his sincere views and beliefs. Turgenev did not embellish Russian reality and did not hide its pressing problems. For too harsh statements, he was punished in the form of exile, and was subsequently forced to go abroad. But even far from the Motherland, he constantly turned to her in his work, shared her pain and despair. A striking example of Turgenev's patriotism is the prose poem "The Russian Language" (1882).

It is no coincidence that Turgenev chooses the Russian language as the theme of the work. Only being in a foreign land, he understands the importance and significance of this powerful element of national identity. The writer was cut off from the Russian environment, but thanks to the language he continued to feel his inextricable connection with it. After all, with the help of language, a person does not only pronounce words. It is much more important that people think in their own language, that is, they clothe thoughts in specific lexical units. For instance, important condition full mastery of a foreign language is considered the moment when a person is able not only to speak, but also to think in it.

Turgenev claims that only the Russian language remained his only support and support abroad. The writer took all significant events in Russia very close to his heart. Some led him to despair, but he believed that the Russian language remained the main means of saving the long-suffering people.

"Great and mighty" is a phrase that is often used to mock the fate of Russia. But behind her pathos hides true pride in her language. The Russian language is one of the richest and most complex on the planet. Residents of Russia and border states, assimilating it from childhood, do not understand the significance of such an easy and accessible study. The Russian language has evolved over the centuries. It has amazing flexibility and variety of word formation. The amazing ability of our language is the borrowing and rapid processing of foreign words without harming ourselves. Russian high society for a long time spoke exclusively French. Foreign languages were studied by children first, to the detriment of their own. But this did not affect the Russian language in any way. The ability to self-preservation and self-purification helped the Russian language to remain pure and not undergo significant changes.

Turgenev was absolutely sure that, despite poverty and squalor, a great future awaited Russia. Language is a direct expression of the national spirit. The Russian language is a well-deserved highest gift to a great people.