Tass message about the world's first manned space flight. Interesting facts about the first human space flight (15 photos)

Yuri Gagarin made a report on the flight to the State Commission on the morning of April 13, 1961 in the city of Kuibyshev (now Samara) in a spacious room of the obkom dacha. The dacha was located on the high bank of the Volga, from the balcony of the third floor there was a beautiful view of the river ...

The report followed by answers to the questions of the members of the State Commission took a total of two and a half hours. Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin's speech was transcribed and recorded on tape.

Since that day, the transcript of the report and the recording of Yuri Gagarin's voice have been kept for three decades under the heading "Top Secret". The transcript was first published in 1991 in the journal Izvestia of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and two fragments of the recording of the cosmonaut's voice were published in the same year on a gramophone record of the audio magazine Krugozor ...

“The last pre-launch preparation was carried out in the morning. It began with checking my health and determining the reliability of the sensors for recording physiological functions, which were pasted the night before. Then physiological functions were recorded on medical equipment and a medical examination was made. All this went well. According to the doctors who examined and recorded the data of the body, my condition was good. I myself felt good, because before that I had a good rest and sleep.

After that, the regular team of the combat crew put on the spacesuit. The suit was put on correctly, adjusted, and pressed. Then they put me in a technological chair, tried how the suspension system lay on the spacesuit, the ventilation of the spacesuit, checked the connection. Everything worked well.

Then there was a departure to the starting position in the bus. Together with my fellow cosmonauts (my deputy was German Stepanovich Titov) and the chiefs, we went to the start. At the start, I was taken by elevator to the cabin of the ship. Landing in a chair was carried out by regular calculation, which was led by Oleg Genrikhovich Ivanovsky. All connections and connections were made well. The equipment check also went well. Communication was two-way, stable. Good connection.

The mood at that time was good, feeling good. He reported on checking the equipment, on readiness for the launch, on his health. There was constant communication all the time.

Then hatch number 1 was closed. I heard how it was being closed, how keys were knocking. Then they begin to open the hatch again. Look, the sunroof has been removed. Realized something was wrong. Sergey Pavlovich says to me: “Don't worry, for some reason one contact is not pressed. Everything will be fine". The calculation soon rearranged the boards on which the limit switches were installed. Everything was fixed and the manhole cover was closed. Everything was fine.

An hour readiness was announced, half an hour, physiological functions were recorded. In general, everything went well. Feeling good. The mood is also good.

Then they announced a fifteen-minute readiness. He put on protective gloves. Closed the helmet. Five minute readiness. Minute readiness and start. Before that, you could hear how farms were bred. It turns out some kind of soft blows to the design of the rocket. The rocket seemed to wobble a little.

Then the blowing started. Heard how the valves worked. Then the launch was made. Engines have reached the preliminary stage. There was a slight noise. Then the noise increased in the intermediate stage. As the engines entered the main, main stage, the noise increased, but was not too harsh to drown out or interfere with operation. The noise is about the same as in an airplane. I was ready for much more noise. Then the rocket smoothly, gently lifted from its place. I didn't even notice when she left. Then I felt a small shiver go through the design of the rocket. The nature of the vibration: the frequency is large, the amplitude is small.

I prepared to eject. I sit, I watch the process of lifting. I hear Sergei Pavlovich report that 70 seconds are coming. In the region of 70 seconds, the nature of the vibration changes smoothly. The frequency of vibration falls, and the amplitude grows. There seems to be a jolt. Then, gradually, this shaking subsides, and by the end of the first stage, the vibration becomes the same as at the beginning of its work. G-load increases smoothly, but it is quite tolerable, as on conventional aircraft. Approximately 5 years. With this overload, I was reporting all the time and communicating with the launch. It was somewhat difficult to talk, as it tightened all the muscles of the face. Tightened up a bit. Further, the overload began to grow, reached its peak and began to gradually decrease. Then I felt a sharp decline in overload. The sensation was as if something immediately detached from the rocket. Felt something like cotton. At the same time, the noise dropped sharply. As if a state of weightlessness has arisen, although at this time the overload is approximately equal to 1. Then the overload appears again and begins to grow. Begins to press against the chair, the noise level is much less. At 150 seconds, the head fairing separated. The process is very bright. There was a push, a bang. One half of the fairing was just against the "look". My “gaze” light filter was closed, and the shutter was open. The fairing slowly went down from the "look", behind the rocket.

At this time, he maintained a stable good connection with Kolpashev - "Dawn 2".

During the flight of Yelizovo, the connection was normal. I repeated my reports and reports several times. As soon as the separation occurred, cycle number 1 immediately turned on, the descent mode control device went on, the moving index went on, the clock went on. The entire descent system worked. Made a report. Communication with Elizov ceased approximately when it was 30 ° on the globe northern latitude. Immediately after the report on VHF, he made a report on HF. But at that time I did not receive any confirmation of reports and commands from KB. There was no connection. About 30 degrees north latitude I heard the "Amur Waves" broadcast by Khabarovsk. Against this background, I heard the telegraph call signs "VSN" - "Spring". At this time, I again began to communicate with the "Spring", but no one answered. Produced records of observations in the logbook.

When flying over the sea, its surface seemed gray, not blue. The surface is uneven, as if in the form of sand dunes in the photograph. It seems to me that it will be quite possible to navigate over the sea. It is possible to conduct orientation, become attached to the terrain, orient the ship to turn on the braking system.

The reports were carried out in accordance with the task in the telegraph and telephone modes. He took food and water. He took water and food normally, you can take it. I didn't experience any physical problems. The feeling of weightlessness is somewhat unusual compared to terrestrial conditions. Here there is a feeling as if you are hanging in a horizontal position on the belts, as if you are in a suspended state. Apparently, a tightly fitted suspension system puts pressure on the chest, and therefore it seems that you are hanging. Then you get used to it, you adapt to it. There were no bad feelings.

He made entries in the logbook, reports, worked as a telegraph key. When he ate, drank water, put the tablet in, and he “floated” in front of me with a pencil. Then I had to record another report. I took the tablet, but the pencil was not in place. Flew off somewhere. The eyelet was screwed to the pencil, but apparently it had to be either put on glue or wrapped tighter. This screw came loose and the pencil flew off. He folded the logbook and put it in his pocket. Still not useful, there is nothing to write.

At that time, I was in the shadow of the Earth, and even before entering the shadow of the Earth, I was constantly recording on a tape recorder. Before entering the Earth's shadow, the tape recorder ran out of tape. The tape recorder didn't work.

I made the decision to rewind the tape to make further recordings. Switched it to manual control and rewound. I don't think I rewound it all the way through. And then, when I made reports, I recorded on the tape recorder manually, since when the tape recorder is working automatically, it works almost all the time and, naturally, a lot of tape is consumed. It's called high level noise in the cab.

Before that, I entered the shadow of the Earth. The entrance to the Earth's shadow is very sharp. Before that, at times I observed strong lighting through the windows. I had to turn away from him or hide behind him so that the light would not get into his eyes. Then he looked out one porthole - nothing was visible on the horizon. Dark. The other (“gaze”) is also dark. I think what is it? I noticed from time to time that this is connected with entering the shadow.

At this time, the ship rotated, 2 - 3 degrees per second. The horizon and the Earth were not visible. The stars are also invisible. But then I realized that, obviously, the porthole hit the Earth. When the "gaze" and the porthole went out to the sky, then the stars are visible against its black background. Sometimes 2 - 3 stars of some constellations fell into the porthole. But it was difficult to determine the constellations, because not all the constellations fall into the window. Turned on solar system orientation, about which I reported by KB and by telegraph.

Air began to flow. During operation of solar orientation, air was consumed from both systems simultaneously. By the moment of leaving the shadow, the pressure in the orientation systems was approximately 150 - 152 atmospheres. I felt that when the attitude control was activated, the ship's angular movement changed and became very slow, almost imperceptible. At this time, he made a report on KB and through the Signal system in telegraph mode.

When approaching about 40 degrees south latitude, I did not hear the Earth. Degrees around 40 - 45 south latitude on the globe, music and call signs began to be faintly heard. They called me by phone: “Cedar, I am Spring,” and they said something else, but I could not make out the rest of the words. Callsigns were repeated three times. I immediately switched on the transmission, began to transmit: “How can you hear me? Answer the link." The closer I flew to the apogee, the more audibility improved, and, approximately, when Cape Horn passed, (at apogee) I received another message. I was told that they understood me, and I understood it very well. I was informed that the spacecraft was proceeding correctly, the orbit was calculated, and all systems were working well. I continued my reports accordingly.

Before leaving the shadows, I carefully looked through the "look" porthole, which was at an angle to the horizon. The horizon was very visible. Along the very horizon I observed an iridescent orange stripe, reminiscent of the color of a spacesuit in its color. Further, the color darkens a little and the colors of the rainbow turn into blue, and blue turns into black. Completely black. At this time, the pressure in the orientation systems began to gradually decrease. I felt a more ordered movement of the object, in pitch. Then the ship began to roar. I realized that the solar orientation system "drives" the Sun into the central sensor. Soon the ship acquired a stable starting position for descent. The braking propulsion system was directed at the Sun and quite steadily. At this time, there was a very good orientation in the "look". In the outer ring, the entire horizon was inscribed perfectly evenly. The objects I saw moved strictly along the arrows of the “look”, that is, as it was necessary when orienting manually, then the Earth gradually began to move to the left corner, forward (away from the legs).

During this time he produced reports. In the orientation system, the pressure gradually dropped and by the time the brake propulsion system was launched, it was approximately 110 atmospheres. He made recordings on a tape recorder, reports by telegraph and telephone, by HF. At this time, the HF connection was good. Obviously, the radio stations of Moscow worked with me.

At the 56th minute, the first team passed. I reported it right away. The orientation was good, the ship had a roll for some time, but very little. During the time the ship left the shadows and before turning on the braking propulsion system, it turned about 30 degrees. Maybe even a little less. Then came the second team. At the same time, I again made a report by telephone and telegraph. I noticed the pressure in the cylinder of the brake propulsion system, the pressure in the orientation system, the readings of all instruments, the time it took for the command to pass, and recorded everything on a tape recorder. Prepared for the descent. Closed the right porthole. I pulled on the straps, closed the pressure helmet and switched the lighting to working. Then, at exactly the right time, the third team passed. As soon as the window went out during the passage of the third command, I began to observe the pressure in the brake propulsion system and in the orientation system. It began to fall sharply from 320 atmospheres. The arrow of the device clearly went to reduce the pressure. I felt how the brake propulsion system began to work. A slight itching and noise was felt through the design. I timed the activation of the brake propulsion system. Before that, the stopwatch was set to zero. The brake propulsion system worked well. Her engagement was abrupt. The g-force increased a little, and then weightlessness suddenly reappeared. The arrows at that moment in the automatic orientation system and in the cylinder of the brake propulsion system immediately jumped to zero. The operating time of the brake propulsion system was exactly 40 seconds.

Three minutes later, a ZIL-151 car approached. Major artilleryman comrade Galimov arrived on it from the division. We introduced ourselves to each other. I asked to inform Moscow as soon as possible. They posted a sentry at the parachutes, and went with him to the unit.

We arrived at the unit. He called the command post of the division. Then the district commander was called. Everything was reported to Moscow through the commander of the district. The command was given to linger at the landing site. I took photos there a couple of times. By this time I had already taken off the spacesuit shell. I was wearing only blue thermal clothes, and I did not take pictures in an orange and gray shell and in a pressure helmet. We put the suit in the car. When we were leaving, I saw a helicopter flying from the city of Engels. By this time, I had already asked and knew for sure that the city of Engels was nearby. We drove to the landing site. I knew it was the search party that had arrived by helicopter. We drive along the highway and see that the helicopter has risen and is going to the military garrison. We jumped out of the car, started waving to him. The helicopter has landed. The lieutenant general and colonel who were on it took me on board the helicopter. I said that now General Kamanin and General Agaltsov should fly here, and that I should be near the landing site. We sit down near the place where my parachutes are. I was given a command to fly to the city of Engels. We immediately got up and flew there.

As soon as I got out of the helicopter, General Evgrafov immediately handed me a telegram from Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev. congratulatory telegram. I slipped up here. An influx of feelings. Then they immediately contacted the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force by phone. I reported to Comrade Vershinin, Chief Marshal of Aviation, that the assignment had been completed. He congratulated me on completing the task, thanked me, congratulated me on conferring the military rank of Major. I answered properly. Wish me all the best. The commander-in-chief said that they would now connect me by telephone with Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev and Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev. Connected with Comrade Brezhnev. I reported on the completion of the mission, that all systems worked well, that the landing took place in a given area, that I feel good. He congratulated me and wished me all the best. I thanked. He said that Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev would call us soon. We went with General Agaltsov to the "HF". Soon Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev called us. I reported on the assignment. About the good work of all systems, about your well-being. He thanked me for completing the task, congratulated me on the end of the flight, and asked about my family and parents. I sincerely thanked Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev for his attention, for his paternal care. He told me: "See you soon in Moscow."

Then there was a congratulation from the correspondent of Pravda, the correspondent of Izvestia and the main agitator-propagandist Comrade Ilyichev. I thanked them for the friendly, warm words they expressed to me. They asked me to say a few words to the readers of Pravda. To their congratulations on the feat, I replied that the feat itself was not so much mine, but everything Soviet people, all engineers, technicians, representatives Soviet science. After that, Colonel-General Agaltsov decided to fly to Kuibyshev. Boarded the plane. With difficulty they made their way through the crowd that had formed there. Everyone wants to see. We got to the car. Arrived. OK it's all over Now."

Then followed questions from members of the State Commission to Yuri Gagarin. The text of questions and answers in a typewritten version was 10 sheets ... Asked clarifying questions to the first cosmonaut and made comments in the course of his report and the chief designer spaceship Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. His handwritten comments are kept today in the funds of the Moscow Memorial House-Museum of Academician S.P. Korolev.

On the evening of April 13, Korolev and members of the State Commission flew to Moscow. Yuri Gagarin - the next day at 10:40...

Lines from the diary of Nikolai Kamanin, dated April 13: “...we were tortured by phone calls and correspondents who made their way to the dacha. They are ready to continuously film, photograph and ask endless questions. We only managed to walk a little and play billiards.

In the afternoon, Yura began to prepare for the meeting in Moscow. He mastered the report to Khrushchev in half an hour, but at first he was in too much of a hurry. Two or three workouts eliminated this shortcoming. The speech on Red Square was also prepared quite quickly. I already knew from Yura's speeches even before the flight that he had the makings of a good speaker.

In the evening, Brezhnev called twice and Vershinin called several times. Both were worried about tomorrow's weather (the forecast was bad) and the procedure for getting off the plane at the Vnukovo airfield. We agreed with Brezhnev that Gagarin was the first to get off the plane, walk along the path to the government podium and report to Khrushchev, and we would go out after Gagarin and stop at the foot of the podium.

Before going to bed, Yura tried on a new uniform and overcoat. Once or twice I portrayed Khrushchev, and he came up to me with a report ... "

P.S. In the Izvestia newspaper of December 14, 1993, Mikhail Kolesnichenko said: "... Yuri Gagarin's report on the first flight, in which he, in particular, describes the appearance of the Earth and talks about his feelings caused by weightlessness, was ultimately estimated at 354,500 US dollars." This information is in the catalog of the December (1993) Sotheby auction ...

The TASS message about the first manned flight into space became the most quoted news in the world 50 years ago, ITAR-TASS reports.

"On April 12, 1961, the world's first spacecraft-satellite Vostok with a man on board was put into orbit around the Earth in the Soviet Union. The pilot-cosmonaut of the spaceship-satellite Vostok is a citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Pilot Major Yuri Alekseevich GAGARIN," the information, which at 10:13 a.m. was distributed through the agency's channels, said.

The flight of Yuri Gagarin was prepared in the strictest secrecy, characteristic of that era. This regime, of course, extended to the mass media, which, however, had to promptly inform the world about this colossal achievement of Soviet science.

“The only journalist who, until April 12, 1961, knew Yuri Gagarin as a future cosmonaut was Tassov photojournalist Valentin Cheredintsev,” recalled Nikolai Zheleznov, a veteran of space journalism, TASS scientific observer, at one time. “His films shot in Star City were then stored in a sealed the safe of the editor-in-chief of the TASS Photo Chronicle and could be declassified and handed over to newspapers and news agencies only after the first manned spacecraft enters low Earth orbit.

As for the text message, then, as Zheleznov said, on the day of the launch, his friend and colleague Alexander Romanov "at 10 am, on an urgent call from the secretariat of the head of TASS, got up for an official message." TASS Director General Dmitry Goryunov shook his hand and pulled out a piece of tissue paper, rather strange for a government document, saying: "We must hurry, Levitan already has the second copy, and Gagarin, apparently, has already flown more than half of the orbit."

This was the first sign of the grandiose news, which literally five minutes later was stuffed on a punch tape and scattered in the editorial offices of all newspapers, television and radio committees of the country / more than 1500 addresses / and about 50 foreign recipients of TASS information.

During the flight, TASS reported on what was happening in orbit. "At 10:15 Moscow time, pilot-cosmonaut Major Gagarin, flying over Africa, transmitted from the Vostok spacecraft: "The flight is proceeding normally, I can stand the state of weightlessness well," one of the messages says.

Reporting that "after successful planned research and the implementation of the flight program "" the Soviet ship "Vostok" made a safe landing in a given area Soviet Union", TASS cited the statement of the pilot-cosmonaut Gagarin: "I ask you to report to the party and the government, and personally to Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev /First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR/ that the landing went well, I feel good, I have no injuries or bruises. " "The implementation of a manned flight into outer space opens up grandiose prospects for the conquest of space by mankind," TASS stated.

In the following days, the agency spoke about the details of the preparation and flight on the Vostok spacecraft. "The satellite ship consists of two main parts - the cockpit and a compartment designed to accommodate equipment and a braking propulsion system." The agency’s information described individual design details: “The television system located on the ship allows visual monitoring of the astronaut’s condition, one of the television cameras betrays the image of the pilot from the front, and the other from the side. Among the instruments in the astronaut’s cabin is a globe, the rotation of which is synchronized with the movement of the ship in orbit. The globe allows the astronaut to determine the current location of the ship. "

This large Tassov material also contained such pretentious, but quite appropriate words: " The most important principle, which formed the basis for the training of an astronaut, was next condition: the first space flight could only be made by a person who, recognizing the enormous responsibility of the task assigned to him, consciously and voluntarily agreed to give all his strength and knowledge, and perhaps even his life, to accomplish this outstanding feat. "It is noteworthy that even then the TASS material was illustrated with graphics - a flight diagram of the Vostok satellite ship.

It is noteworthy that for the same reasons of secrecy, the first messages did not indicate exact time start /09:07 Moscow time/. It was only announced three days later at a press conference at the USSR Academy of Sciences.

It is noteworthy that the first journalist who wrote about Gagarin was also a Tassovite. In the mid-1950s, Evgeny Ivanov, later deputy general director of TASS, worked in Saratov in the regional Komsomol newspaper. He released a report "One day at the airfield", one of the heroes of which was a student of an industrial technical school, a member of the local flying club, Yura Gagarin, who then made his first solo flight on the Yak-18. In his book "The Road to Space", cosmonaut Ch 1 admitted, recalling that publication: "The first praise in the press means a lot in a person's life."

The future cosmonaut was born on March 9, 1934 in the Gzhatsk region, the village of Klushino, into a simple peasant family.

Childhood and youth

In 1941 he went to first grade, but the war stopped his studies for 3 years. In 1949, after graduating from the sixth grade, he entered a vocational school in Lyubertsy. Received the specialty of a molder-caster. In 1954 he began to study at the Saratov flying club, where he completed 196 flights. At the same time, he graduated from the Saratov Industrial College with honors.

Military service and studies

In 1955, the young man was called to serve in the army. At this time, he graduated with honors from the first military aviation school for pilots. Served near Murmansk for two years. He flew 265 hours on the MiG-15 bis.

Preparing for the first flight

In 1959, in the Soviet Union, the Air Force actively engaged in the selection of applicants for the first flight into space. There were 20 candidates in total. Cosmonaut training took place in Zvezdny. The best fighter pilots had to have absolute health, professionalism, and stress resistance. State Commission approved Gagarin's candidacy for a flight on the Vostok spacecraft. German Titov was appointed as a reserve cosmonaut.

Space flight

On April 12, 1961, the Vostok spacecraft was launched at the Baikonur Cosmodrome. Pilot-cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin was on board. "Vostok" completed the flight at 108 minutes, completing one revolution around the Earth. Despite emergency situations, Gagarin ejected and parachuted down two kilometers from the banks of the Volga.

The task of the flight - checking human capabilities in space, technical equipment in flight and the connection of the ship with the earth, was completed.

Life after the flight

The first pilot-cosmonaut became famous all over the world. By invitation, he visited 30 countries, did a lot of public work.

In 1968, Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin graduated from the Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy with the rank of colonel.

In 1966, preparations began for a new space flight under the Union program. Komarov flew on the new ship, and Gagarin was an understudy. Komarov died due to a malfunction of the parachute system.

The death of an astronaut

As the head of the Cosmonaut Training Center, Yuri Alekseevich had the opportunity not to train and not to fly. But he won the right to fly, confirming the qualifications of a fighter pilot.

On March 27, 1968, a plane crash occurred in which Yu.A. Gagarin and V.S. Seregin. The MiG-15 UTN aircraft was performing a training flight near the village of Novoselovo Vladimir region. Hitting a flat spin, it crashed.

The memory of the pilot-cosmonaut

The name of the first cosmonaut has been immortalized with many orders, medals and diplomas.

He was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

The city of Gzhatsk was renamed Gagarin. Air Force Academy, Saratov Technical University, Orenburg airport, aircraft, cosmonaut training center bear the name of the first cosmonaut.

We will always remember this courageous man with a beautiful and kind smile.

If this message was useful to you, I would be glad to see you

TASS message

ABOUT THE FIRST HUMAN FLIGHT IN THE WORLD

On April 12, 1961, the world's first spacecraft-satellite "Vostok" with a man on board was put into orbit around the Earth in the Soviet Union.

The pilot-cosmonaut of the Vostok satellite is a citizen of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, pilot, major GAGARIN Yuri Alekseevich.

The launch of the space multi-stage rocket was successful, and after gaining the first space velocity and separation from the last stage of the launch vehicle, the satellite began free flight in orbit around the Earth.

According to preliminary data, the period of revolution of the spacecraft around the Earth is 89.1 minutes; the minimum distance from the Earth's surface (at perigee) is 175 kilometers, and the maximum distance (at apogee) is 302 kilometers; the angle of inclination of the plane of the orbit to the equator is 65 degrees 4 minutes.

The weight of the spacecraft-satellite with the pilot-cosmonaut is 4725 kilograms, excluding the weight of the final stage of the launch vehicle.

Two-way radio communication has been established and maintained with cosmonaut Comrade Gagarin. The frequencies of the onboard shortwave transmitters are 9.019 megahertz and 20.006 megahertz, and in the ultrashort wave band 143.625 megahertz. With the help of radio telemetry and television systems, the astronaut's condition in flight is monitored.

Cosmonaut Comrade Gagarin endured the period of launching the Vostok satellite into orbit satisfactorily and is now feeling well. The systems that provide the necessary living conditions in the cabin of the spacecraft are functioning normally.

The flight of the Vostok satellite with pilot-cosmonaut comrade Gagarin in orbit continues.

0952 According to the data received from the Vostok spacecraft, at 0952 Moscow time pilot-cosmonaut Major Gagarin, while above South America, conveyed: "The flight is going well, I feel good."

10:15 At 10:15 Moscow time, pilot-cosmonaut Major Gagarin, flying over Africa, transmitted from the Vostok spacecraft: "The flight is proceeding normally, I can bear the state of weightlessness well."

10.25 am At 10.25 am Moscow time, after the flight the globe in accordance with the given program, the brake propulsion system was turned on and the spacecraft-satellite with the pilot-cosmonaut Major Gagarin began to descend from orbit to land in a given area of ​​the Soviet Union.

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