home Epics Konstantin Batyushkin biography. The main dates of life and creativity to

Konstantin Batyushkin biography. The main dates of life and creativity to

BATYUSHKOV, KONSTANTIN NIKOLAEVICH, Russian poet (1787–1855).

Born May 18 (29), 1787 in Vologda, spent his early childhood in his father's patrimony Danilovsky (not far from Bezhetsk, Tver province). The career of his father, Nikolai Lvovich, who belonged to an old noble family, did not work out: already at the age of 15 he was removed from the Izmailovsky regiment due to the exile of his uncle, who was involved in a conspiracy against Catherine II in favor of her son Pavel. Batyushkov's mother went mad shortly after the birth of her son and died when he was 8 years old...

At the age of ten, Batyushkov was sent to the St. Petersburg boarding house of the Frenchman Zhakino, then to the boarding house of the Italian Tripoli. He studied with particular zeal foreign languages- French, Italian, Latin, distinguished among peers by a penchant for foreign languages and literature.

After graduating from the boarding school, he was forced to enter the service of a clerk in the Ministry of Public Education, which disgusted him. But in the service he met young people, friendship with whom he supported for many years. He especially became close to the poet and translator N. Gnedich, whose literary advice he was attentive to all his life. Here Batyushkov met members of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts: I. Pnin, N. Radishchev (son), I. Born, thanks to whom he began to collaborate with some Moscow magazines.

Batyushkov's first great poem Dream apparently it was written in 1804, and published in 1806 in the journal Lover of Literature. Batyushkov especially loved this poem: he reworked it for many years, painstakingly and carefully replacing some lines with others, until he settled on the edition of 1817. Already in the first poetic opuses, he abandons the tradition of the high ode of the 18th century, elegies and friendly letters become his favorite genres. messages. Dream, like other early poems, is imbued with the spirit of poetic dreaminess, melancholy, pre-romantic immersion in the world of dreams and fantasies:

Oh sweet dream! O heavenly gift!

Among the wilds of stone, among the horrors of nature,

Where the waters of Bothnia splash against the rocks,

In the land of the exiles .. I was happy with you.

I was happy when in my solitude

Above the fisherman's tabernacle, silent at midnight,

The winds whistle and howl

And hail and autumn rain will knock on the roof.

In 1805, the journal News of Russian Literature published another poem by Batyushkov. Message to my poems, after which his small lyrical poems (as they were then called, plays) begin to appear on the pages of the press and the name of the author becomes known in literary circles.

In many ways, the formation of Batyushkov’s literary tastes was influenced by his cousin Mikhail Muravyov, mostly a prose writer, who, however, wrote poetry, and, of course, the idol of the then youth, historian and writer Nikolai Karamzin, whose works largely predetermined the future flowering of elegiac poetry.

Poet and critic of the 20th century. Vl. Khodasevich wrote about transition period Russian literature: “The first mine has already exploded, planted under Karamzin’s sentimentalism under classicism ... a vast field opened up before new forces. Zhukovsky and Batyushkov tried to find "new sounds ...".

Denial of "cold reason", intoxication with a poetic dream in the bosom of nature, animated and, as it were, echoing the poet's experiences, an attempt to catch the fleeting experiences of the soul, sincerity and lack of pathos - these are the poems of the young Batyushkov, "sweet-tongued and youthful."

It seemed that he was created only “for sweet sounds and prayers,” Batyushkov dramatically changes his life: in 1807 he enrolls in the militia and goes to war with Napoleon in East Prussia. Receives a serious wound near Heilsberg, remains for some time to be cured in the house of a Riga merchant. The experience of the war is not in vain - strict, melodious and solemn motives invade the thoughtful, dreamy poems - the themes of parting and death:

I left the shore of foggy Albion:

It seemed that he was drowning in the waves of lead.

Galcyone hovered behind the ship,

And the quiet voice of her swimmers amused.

<...>

And suddenly ... was it a dream? .. a comrade appeared to me,

Died in fatal fire

An enviable death, over the Pleys jets ...

Shadow of a friend

In 1807 he lived for some time in St. Petersburg, where he became close to the family of A.N. Olenin, a close friend of the late Muravyov by that time. Here he feels at home. In the society that gathered in Olenin's house (among the guests was Batyushkov's long-time friend N. Gnedich), antiquity was considered the ideal of beauty, which fully corresponded to Batyushkov's literary inclinations.

In 1808, having recovered completely, he again went to the army, this time to Finland, where he did not take part in hostilities, but spent a whole year on campaigns.

In 1809-1811, already in his village Khantonovo and again indulging in literary pursuits, he wrote a number of poems that put him in the eyes of an enlightened reading public among the best poets. It's elegiac Recollection of 1907, the best translations from the Roman poet Tibullus, a great friendly message to Zhukovsky and Vyazemsky My Penates and satire Vision on the banks of Lethe. Created under the influence of the literary disputes of those years, it became widespread and clearly defined Batyushkov's place in the "war of the old style with the new." Batyushkov is entirely on the side of Karamzin, following him, believing that it is necessary to “write as they say and speak as they write”, that Slavic words and obsolete phrases should be alien to modern poetry, and that language can draw strength only in living speech. So in Lete - the river of oblivion Batyushkov "drowned" the "archaists" - A.S. Shishkov and his associates, which they perceived on his part as an open challenge.

Soon Batyushkov moved to Moscow, where new impressions and acquaintances awaited him. First of all, these are the same supporters of the new poetry, supporters of Karamzin, on whose side he stood so unconditionally. These are the future members of the literary society "Arzamas" - V. Zhukovsky, Vas. Pushkin, P. Vyazemsky and Karamzin himself, whom Batyushkov personally meets. At the same time, there was not enough money from the estate, and he is looking for services both for income and for "position in society", dreams of a diplomatic career, which seems to him the most suitable occupation. In early 1812 he arrived in St. Petersburg, where Olenin got him a job at the Public Library.

The war of 1812 was a shock to Batyushkov. He could not comprehend how the French, this “most enlightened” people, committed atrocities in the occupied lands: “There is no Moscow! Irrevocable losses! The death of friends, the shrine, the peaceful refuge of science, everything is defiled by a band of barbarians! These are the fruits of enlightenment, or rather, the debauchery of the most witty people... How much evil! When will it end? On what do you base your hopes?

Illness did not allow Batyushkov to immediately take part in hostilities. He ended up in Moscow on the eve of the battle of Borodino, then he was forced to leave with his aunt Muravyova for Nizhny Novgorod and ended up in Moscow after the departure of the French. From here he wrote to Gnedich: "The terrible deeds of the vandals, or the French, in Moscow and its environs ... completely upset my little philosophy and quarreled me with humanity." In a message to Dashkov My friend, I have seen the sea of evil, there is nothing left of sweet dreams, but there is only the truth of an eyewitness of terrible events:

I saw poor mothers

From the dear homeland of the expelled!

I saw them at the crossroads

How, like pressing the chest children to the Persians,

They wept in despair

And looked with new awe

The sky is rye all around.

To Dashkov- essentially a rejection of the early Epicurean lyrics, and new topic of a national disaster imperiously invades his poetic world, which from now on is split into the ideal and the real.

The war also influenced the poetic form of Batyushkov's writings. The pure genre of elegy was not well suited to describe the war, and it begins to gravitate towards the ode. For example, in poetry Crossing the Rhine(1816) or Castle ruins in Sweden(1814), where the odic and elegiac beginnings are intricately intertwined, and, according to the literary critic B. Tomashevsky, “in this monumental elegy, the poet’s spiritual outpourings are clothed in the form of historical memories and reflections on the past.” "A meditative elegy with historical content" can be called most of Batyushkov's best elegies.

As an adjutant to General N. Raevsky, he was sent to Dresden, where he participated in battles, and after the general was wounded, Weimar followed him. He returned to the active army by the end of the campaign, was present at the surrender of Paris, then lived in the capital of France for two months, carried away by her motley, colorful, despite wartime, life. Returning to his homeland both pleased and frightened, his mood became more and more anxious, sometimes he was overcome by bouts of despair and despondency. In one of the letters, he said that he should soon return to a country where it was so "cold that the wings froze over time." And in the poem The fate of Odysseus(free translation from Schiller, 1814) one can clearly see the analogies of the hero-wanderer from the epos of Homer with the author himself, who does not recognize his homeland:

It seemed that heaven was tired of punishing him

And quietly sleepy rushed

To the dear homelands of the long-desired rocks,

He woke up: so what? did not know the fatherland.

From Paris through London and then Sweden, he returns to St. Petersburg, where he stays with the Olenin family and where another shock awaits him - he is forced to refuse marriage to A. Furman, doubting the sincerity of the feelings of his chosen one. At the end of 1815, he resigned and began preparing his works for publication, the collection of which he decided to call Experiences: 1st volume - prose, 2nd - poetry. Actively participates in literary life Moscow. In 1816 he was elected a member of the Moscow Society of Lovers of Russian Literature, and at the entrance he says keynote speech O light influence poetry into Russian. In it, he formulated the ideal of light poetry based on clarity, harmony, and simplicity of language: “In a light kind of poetry, the reader requires possible perfection, purity of expression, harmony in style, flexibility, smoothness; he demands truth in feelings and the preservation of the strictest propriety in all respects. “Clarity, fluency, precision, poetry and... and... and... as few Slavonic words as possible,” he wrote back in 1809.

In St. Petersburg, he becomes a member of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature. And, finally, in October 1816 he was included in Arzamas, a society in which all his friends Karamzinists, opponents of the conservative Conversations of the Russian Word, headed by Shishkov, united.

1816–1817 is the period of Batyushkov's greatest fame. And although life around him seems to be in full swing, and he himself is at the zenith of both fame and creative powers, the theme of enjoying life, intoxication with poetry and nature recedes into the background, and the motives of despondency, disappointment, doubt appear with a special, poignant force. This is especially noticeable in, perhaps, Batyushkov's most famous elegy. Dying Tass (1817):

And with the name of love the divine went out;

Friends above him wept in silence,

The day was slowly burning down ... and the bells were ringing

Spread the news of sadness around the haystacks.

“Our Torquato is dead! Rome exclaimed with tears.

A singer worthy of a better life has died! .. "

The next morning, torches saw gloomy smoke

And the Capitol was covered with mourning.

Batyushkov not only highly appreciated the work of the Italian poet, but found or foresaw much in common in their destinies. So, in the author's note to the elegy, he wrote: “Tass, like a sufferer, wandered from region to region, did not find a place for himself, carried his sufferings everywhere, suspected everyone and hated his life as a burden. Tass, cruel example good deeds and the wrath of fortune, retained his heart and imagination, but lost his mind.

It was not for nothing that Batyushkov said: "The alien is my treasure." Brought up in French literature, learning the elegiac direction from the French poet Parny, he was especially inspired by Italian poetry. V. Belinsky wrote: “The fatherland of Petrarch and Tassa was the fatherland of the muse of the Russian poet. Petrarch, Ariost and Tasso, especially the latter, were Batyushkov's favorite poets. Ancient poetry was also his home. Arrangements and translations of the Roman poet Tibullus, free translations of Greek poets ( From the Greek anthology), and the original poems of the poet, perhaps, are distinguished by their special musicality, richness of sound precisely because the author perceived other languages as native, because, in the words of O. Mandelstam, “poetry grape meat” “accidentally refreshed the language” Batyushkov.

His ideal was to achieve the ultimate musicality in the Russian language. Contemporaries perceived his language as smooth, sweet. Pletnev wrote in 1924: “Batyushkov ... created for us that elegy that Tibulla and Propertsia made interpreters of the language of graces. Every verse breathes with feeling; his genius at heart. It inspired him with its own language, which is tender and sweet, like pure love...”.

1816–1817 Batyushkov spends most of his time at his Khantonov estate, working on Experiences in poetry and prose. Experiences- the only collection of his works in which he was directly involved. consisted Experiences from two parts. The first includes articles on Russian poetry ( Speech about the influence of light poetry on the Russian language), essays on Kantemir, Lomonosov; travel essays ( An excerpt from the letters of a Russian officer about Finland, Journey to Sirey Castle); reasoning on philosophical and moral topics ( Something about morality based on philosophy and religion, About the best properties of the heart), articles about their favorite poets - Ariost and Tass, petrarch. In the second part - poems arranged by sections, or genres: "Elegies", "Messages", "Mixture" ... Experiences, a kind of summing up, was published in October 1817, and Batiushkov hoped to start new life, continuing to fuss about a diplomatic career and striving for Italy. Finally, he receives the long-awaited news of his appointment to the Russian mission in Naples, and on November 19, 1818, he goes abroad through Warsaw, Vienna, Venice and Rome.

However, the journey did not bring the long-awaited peace and healing. On the contrary, his health was deteriorating, he suffered from "rheumatic" pains, various ailments, became irritable, quick-tempered. While in Dresden, he writes a letter of resignation. Zhukovsky met him there, who said that Batyushkov tore up what he had written earlier and said: “Something must happen to mine.”

Even before mental illness completely consumed him, Batyushkov wrote several poems, a kind of short lyrical sayings on philosophical topics. A line from the latter, written in 1824, reads as follows:

Man is born a slave

Will lie down as a slave in the grave,

And death will hardly tell him

Why did he walk through the valley of wondrous tears,

Suffered, sobbed, endured, disappeared.

Apparently, the madness that overtook him had hereditary causes and had been waiting for a long time. No wonder in 1810 he wrote to Gnedich: "If I live another ten years, I will go crazy ...".

Alas, that is what happened. In 1822 Batyushkov was already seriously ill, and after St. Petersburg, the Caucasus, the Crimea, Saxony and again Moscow, where all attempts at treatment were in vain, he was transferred to Vologda, where he lived for more than 20 years, not recognizing anyone, and died 7 (19) July 1855 for typhus.

Elegy as a genre of new romantic literature was picked up from the hands of the final creative way Batyushkov Pushkin and Baratynsky. As for Pushkin, at first he considered Batyushkov his teacher and read his poems. Later, he began to be more critical, "respecting" "the misfortunes and unripe hopes in him", while at the same time paying tribute to the skill and harmony with which many of his poems were written. A. Bestuzhev wrote: “A new school of our poetry begins with Zhukovsky and Batyushkov. Both of them comprehended the secret of our majestic harmonic language...”

Editions: Experiences in poetry and prose. M., Nauka, 1978.

Natalia Karamysheva

Not everyone knows the name of the classic Konstantin Batyushkov, but his contribution to Russian literature is very large. It was thanks to Batyushkov's poems that the language acquired such flexibility and harmony, which made it possible to form new trends in Russian literature.

The subject of poems by Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich:

At the same time, the poet tried in all his poems to be sincere, to avoid tensions and uncertainties. The poet was guided by one principle - "live as you write, and write as you live", which helped him achieve extraordinary skill in his works, expressing his thoughts in poetic lines.

Konstantin Batyushkov sincerely believed that the Russian language is really powerful and rich, that absolutely everything can be expressed with it. At the same time, even Alexander Pushkin agreed with how much Batyushkov is a verbal “miracle worker”.

If you are not yet familiar with the work of the poet, then we invite you to evaluate the poems listed below. We have collected the best works of Konstantin Batyushkov, while regularly updating our website with other of his poems.

Konstantin Nikolayevich Batyushkov, born on May 29 (Old Style, 18) May 1787 in Vologda, came from an old, but not noble and not particularly rich, noble family. Obviously, there was heredity in the family regarding mental illness; mother soon after the birth of the future poet went mad.
Batyushkov spent his childhood in the family village of Danilovsky, Bezhetsky district, Novgorod province. He received an excellent home education, and from the age of ten he studied in St. Petersburg boarding schools. Batyushkov was considered one of the educated people of that time, he spoke French, Italian, Latin and German.
The most important role in the education of the poet was played by his cousin, the writer M.N. Muravyov, at that time - the curator of Moscow University. He was a man of remarkable intelligence and talent, whose house Derzhavin, Lvov, Olenin, Kapnist, Karamzin and other famous writers visited. In this atmosphere, the views of the young man, his literary taste were formed, his horizons developed, the boundaries of knowledge expanded. From 1802 to 1806 Batyushkov lived in his uncle's house and served as a clerk in his office at the Ministry of Public Education.
In 1805, Batyushkov made his debut in print with the satire "Message to My Poems." He published in St. Petersburg magazines and became a member of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Sciences and Arts.
Meanwhile, the general patriotic movement that arose after the battle of Austerlitz, where Russia suffered a severe defeat, fascinated Batyushkov, in 1807 he enlisted in the militia, participated in the Russian campaign against Napoleon - in a campaign against Prussia, then in a war with Sweden. All this time, however, he did not stop writing.
In connection with a serious injury, Batyushkov receives leave. He went to his father's village, to Danilovskoe. But because of the second marriage of his father and the family split, he and his sisters had to move to the village of their late mother, Khantonovo, Cherepovets district. Here he is actively engaged literary work. The satire "Vision on the banks of Lethe" was written, which determined the poet's attitude to the literary struggle of those years. The satire quickly became widespread and caused displeasure of the "Old Believers" ridiculed in it, the supporters of A. Shishkov. The fact that he had enemies, Batyushkov found out already in Moscow, where he moved from the village at the end of 1809. Here new acquaintances awaited him, which determined a lot in his later life and literary activity. He became friends with a group of young followers and admirers of Karamzin, who later became members of the Arzamas literary association. These were Vasily Lvovich Pushkin, Zhukovsky, Vyazemsky. Batyushkov also met Karamzin himself. He finally joins the ranks of the Karamzinists, whose struggle against the Shishkovists, who had already been ridiculed by him, then became especially acute.
Batyushkov retires and lives on the income from the estate, spending time either in Moscow or in Khantonovo. But these incomes are not too much, and the thought of the need for a service career does not leave the young man. He dreamed not of clerical, but of diplomatic activity, which would give him the opportunity to visit Europe.
At the beginning of 1812 Batyushkov arrived in St. Petersburg. Director of the Public Library A.N. Olenin, an acquaintance of the poet from previous years, arranged for him to be an assistant curator of manuscripts. (Batyushkov worked in the library for a short time, but a few years later, no longer working, he was elected an honorary librarian.)
Soon Batyushkov becomes the recognized head of the so-called "light poetry". The chanting of the joys of earthly life, friendship, love is combined in his friendly messages with the assertion of the poet's inner freedom, his independence. The message "My Penates" (1811-1812) becomes the program work of this kind.
Meanwhile began Patriotic War 1812 Batiushkov, despite his health, which was upset by the injury, does not want to stay away from the fight against Napoleon. In 1813, he returned to military service, took part in fierce battles, in particular in the famous "battle of the peoples" near Leipzig (at that time the poet was adjutant to General N.N. Raevsky Sr.), and as part of the Russian army, in 1814 ends up in Paris. Thus, Batyushkov became an eyewitness and participant in the greatest historical events.
The events of the war, the capture and destruction of Moscow, personal upheavals cause spiritual crisis Batyushkov. He is disappointed in the ideas of enlightenment philosophy. His poetry is painted in increasingly sad tones (elegies "Separation", "Shadow of a Friend"). He also reflected his impressions of the war in the poems “Captured”, “On the ruins of a castle in Sweden”, “Crossing the Rhine”, in the essays “Memories of places, battles and travels”, “Journey to Sirey Castle”.
Returning to St. Petersburg, the poet is fond of Anna Furman, who lived in the Olenin family. Having received the girl's consent to marriage, he, however, refuses it himself, realizing, obviously, that this consent is not determined by love. The novel left a bitter aftertaste in the poet's soul; to this failure was added failure in service, and Batyushkov, who had been haunted by hallucinations several years ago, finally plunged into a heavy and depressing apathy, intensified by his stay in a remote province, in Kamenetz-Podolsk, where he had to go with his regiment.
At this time (1815–1817), his talent flared up with particular brightness, in last time before weakening and finally fading away, which he always foresaw. He refuses satires and epigrams, philosophical and religious reflections, motifs are increasingly appearing in his work. tragic love, the eternal discord of the artist-creator with reality. Elegies were written: “My Genius”, “Tavrida”, “Hope”, “To a Friend”, “Awakening”, “Last Spring”, “Dying Tass”, “Arbor of the Muses”, part of the poems of the cycle “From the Greek Anthology”. In 1817, the collection "Experiments in Poetry and Prose" was published, which was a great success with the reader. The first, prose volume contains essays, translations, moral and philosophical articles, literary and theoretical discussions, studies on the writers of the past, and the first art history essay in Russian literature. The second volume contains poems grouped by genre.
These years are also the period of the greatest literary fame of Batyushkov. He is considered the first poet of Russia, he is elected a member of the Moscow Society of Lovers of Russian Literature; at the introduction at the meeting of the Society, his speech “On the influence of light poetry on the language” was read. After the publication of "Experiments in verse and prose" he becomes an honorary member of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature in St. Petersburg. But the association closest to Batyushkov was Arzamas.
In 1816, Batyushkov retired and settled in Moscow, occasionally visiting St. Petersburg or the countryside. But gradually heredity began to make its own adjustments to the life of the poet. The first signs of mental disorder appeared. In 1818, friends secured a place for him at the Russian mission in Naples, where he went with the hope of recovery. Batyushkov patronizes the colony of Russian artists, continues to write and translates from Byron. However, it quickly became clear that the service was not going well, the first enthusiastic impressions were experienced, the poet began to yearn. In 1821, he decided to give up both service and literature, received an indefinite leave, and soon moved to Germany. Here Batyushkov sketches out his last poetic lines, full of bitter meaning - "The Testament of Melchesidek" - and burns everything that he wrote in Italy.
In 1822 he returned to Russia already sick. It was persecution mania. Attempts at treatment have not been successful, the mental disorder is intensifying. In 1823 Batyushkov burned down his library and attempted suicide three times. In 1824, his sister takes him to a psychiatric hospital in Saxony; however, treatment for three years is ineffective.
From 1828 to 1832 Batyushkov lives with relatives in Moscow, then he is transported to relatives in Vologda. Here, on July 19 (old style 7), 1855, the poet dies of typhus. He was buried in the Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery near Vologda.

Citizenship:

Russian empire

Occupation: Works on the site Lib.ru in Wikisource.

Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov (May 18 (29) ( 17870529 ) , Vologda - June 7 (19), Vologda) - Russian poet, predecessor of Pushkin.

Biography

Born in the Batyushkov family, father - Nikolai Lvovich Batyushkov (1753-1817). He spent the years of his childhood in the family estate - the village of Danilovskoye. At the age of 7, he lost his mother, who suffered from mental illness, which was inherited by Batyushkov and his older sister Alexandra.

The poems of the first period of the poet's literary activity are imbued with epicureanism: a person in his lyrics passionately loves earthly life; the main themes in Batyushkov's poetry are friendship and love. Rejecting moralism and mannerisms of sentimentalism, he finds new ways of expressing feelings and emotions in verse, extremely bright and vital:

Slender camp, entwined around
Hops yellow crown,
And flaming cheeks
Roses bright purple
And the mouth in which melts
purple grapes -
Everything in frantic seduces!
Fire and poison pours in the heart!

In response to the events of the Patriotic War, Batyushkov created samples of civil poetry, the patriotic mood of which is combined with a description of the author's deeply individual experiences:

... while on the field of honor
For the ancient city of my fathers
I will not bear the victim of revenge
And life and love for the motherland;
While with a wounded hero,
Who knows the way to glory
Three times I will not put my chest
Before enemies in close formation -
My friend, until then I will
All are alien to muses and charities,
Wreaths, with the hand of love retinue,
And noisy joy in wine!

V post-war period Batyushkov's poetry gravitates toward romanticism. The subject of one of his most famous poems, "Dying Tass" (), is tragic fate Italian poet Torquato Tasso

Do you remember how many tears I shed as a baby!
Alas! since then the prey of evil fate,
I learned all the sorrows, all the poverty of life.
Fortune pitted abysses
Opened under me, and the thunder did not stop!
Driven from country to country, driven from country to country,
I searched in vain for shelter on earth:
Everywhere her finger is irresistible!

Notes

Compositions

Batyushkov K. N. Works / Introduction. Art. L. A. Ozerova; Preparation text and notes by N. V. Fridman. - M .: State. Publishing House of Artists. literature, 1955. - 452 p. Circulation 75,000 copies.
Batyushkov K. N. Complete collection of poems / Enter. Art., preparation of the text and notes by N. V. Fridman. - M., L.: Sov. writer, 1964. - 353 p. Circulation 25,000 copies. (Library of the poet. Large series. Second edition.)
Batyushkov K. N. Works / Introduction. Art. and comp. V. V. Gura. - Arkhangelsk: North-West. book. publishing house, 1979. - 400 p. Circulation 100,000 copies.
Batyushkov K. N. Selected works / Comp. A. L. Zorin and A. M. Peskov; Intro. Art. A. L. Zorina; Comm. A. L. Zorina and O. A. Proskurina. - M.: Pravda, 1986. - 528 p. Circulation 500,000 copies.
Batyushkov K. N. Poems / Comp., entry. Art. and note. I. O. Shaitanova. - M.: Artist. lit., 1987. - 320 p. Circulation 1,000,000 copies. (Classics and contemporaries. Poetry library)
Batyushkov K. N. Works in two volumes. T.1: Experiences in poetry and prose. Works not included in the "Experiments ..." / Comp., prepared. text. intro. article and comment. V. A. Koshelev. - M.: Artist. lit., 1989. - 511 p. Circulation 102,000 copies.
Batyushkov K. N. Works in two volumes. T.2: From notebooks; Letters. / Comp., prepared. text, comments A. L. Zorina. - M.: Artist. lit., 1989. - 719 p. Circulation 102,000 copies.

Literature

Afanasiev V. Achilles, or the Life of Batyushkov. - M.: Children's literature, 1987.

edit] Links

K. N. Batiushkov. Batyushkov: Eternal Dreams Collected Works, general work, memoirs of contemporaries, poet's life, genealogy, creativity, bibliography, album
K. N. Batyushkov on feb-web. Complete works, monographic studies
K. N. Batyushkov Biography, widely represented criticism, monographic works
Batyushkov in the library of poetry Collected works, translations, criticism
Konstantin Batyushkov. Poems in the Anthology of Russian Poetry
Batyushkov K. N. Collection of poems on stroki.net

Literary Society "Arzamas"
Members	D. V. Dashkov D. N. Bludov A. I. Turgenev S. S. Uvarov K. N. Batyushkov P. A. Vyazemsky A. A. Pleshcheev V. L. Pushkin A. S. Pushkin A. F. Voeikov D. P. Severin F. F. Vigel D. V. Davydov
Honorary Members	N. M. Karamzin I. I. Dmitriev G. I. Gagarin Yu. A. Neledinsky-Meletsky A. N. Saltykov M. A. Saltykov
Addresses	At Uvarov Malaya Morskaya, 21 At Bludov's Nevsky, 80 At Turgenev Fontanka embankment, 20 At Pleshcheeva Galernaya, 12

Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov(May 18 (29), 1787, Vologda - June 7 (19), 1855, Vologda) - Russian poet, predecessor of Pushkin.
He came from an ancient noble family, father - Nikolai Lvovich Batyushkov. (1753-1817). He spent the years of his childhood in the family estate - the village of Danilovskoye. At the age of seven, he lost his mother, who suffered from mental illness, which was inherited by Batyushkov and his older sister Alexandra.
In 1797 he was sent to the St. Petersburg boarding school Zhakino, where the future poet studies European languages, reads European classics with rapture and begins to write his first poems. In 1801 he moved to the boarding house of Tripoli. In the sixteenth year of his life (1802), Batyushkov left the boarding school and took up reading Russian and French literature. At the same time, he became close friends with his uncle, the famous Mikhail Nikitich Muravyov. Under his influence, he studied the literature of the ancient classical world and became an admirer of Tibull and Horace, whom he imitated in his first works. In addition, under the influence of Muravyov, Batyushkov developed a literary taste and aesthetic flair.
In 1802, Batyushkov was enrolled in the service of the Ministry of Public Education. This service burdens the poet, but circumstances do not allow him to leave the service. Old noble family Batyushkov became impoverished, the estate fell into disrepair. Batyushkov did not have high-ranking patrons and patrons who visited many writers, poets, artists, musicians, and, perhaps because of pride, did not want to have: “I will not ask and bow in St. Petersburg as long as I have a piece of bread ". Subsequently, the poet will say, opposing himself to many obsequious piites of that time: "I wrote about independence in verse, about freedom in verse."
In Petersburg, Batyushkov met representatives of the then literary world. He became especially close friends with G. R. Derzhavin, N. A. Lvov, V. V. Kapnist, A. N. Olenin, N. I. Gnedich. In 1805, his poem "Message to My Poems" was published in the Novosti Literature magazine - Batyushkov's first appearance in print. Having entered the department of the Ministry of Public Education, Batyushkov became close to some of his colleagues, who adjoined the Karamzin direction and founded " Free Society lovers of Russian literature.
In 1807 Batyushkov enrolled in civil uprising(police) and took part in the Prussian campaign. In the battle of Heilsbergomon he was wounded and had to go to Riga for treatment. During the campaign, he wrote several poems, and began the translation of the poem Tassa Liberated Jerusalem. The following year, 1808, Batyushkov took part in the war with Sweden, after which he retired and went to his relatives, in the village of Khantonovo, Novgorod province. In the countryside, he soon began to get bored and rushed to the city: his impressionability became almost painful, he was more and more possessed by spleen and a premonition of future madness.
At the very end of 1809, Batyushkov arrived in Moscow and soon, thanks to his talent, bright mind and kind heart, he found good friends in the best areas of the then Moscow society. Of the local writers, he became closest to V. L. Pushkin, V. A. Zhukovsky, P. A. Vyazemsky and N. M. Karamzin. The years 1810 and 1811 passed for Batyushkov partly in Moscow, where he had a pleasant time, partly in Khantonov, where he was moping. Finally, having been resigned from military service, he went to St. Petersburg at the beginning of 1812 and, with the help of Olenin, entered the service of the Public Library; his life settled down quite well, although he was constantly disturbed by the thought of the fate of his family and himself: an early promotion could not be expected, and economic affairs were going from bad to worse.
In 1809, the poet takes part in a campaign against the Aland Islands. At the beginning of the summer, he gets a vacation, after a short stay in St. Petersburg, he goes to the Khantonovo estate, where, among other things, he writes a poetic pamphlet "Vision on the banks of Leta", which sold out in lists and was printed in a distorted form only thirty-two years after its creation. One of the lists of the poem, which is a small satirical poem, was called "The Last Judgment of the Russian Piites, or leading on the banks of the Leta to Ipotas de Rotti." This pamphlet was picked up by all advanced Russia, the name of Batyushkov as a poet is becoming well known in Russia. The Shishkovists ridiculed by him raged, the poet hit not in the eyebrow, in the eye! The sentimentalists, who, with the exception of Karamzin, who is highly revered as a poet, could not be delighted with the Vision, were also ridiculed.
Since December 1809 the poet has been living in Moscow. He intends to retire, serve in a diplomatic mission, dreams of traveling around Europe. In Moscow in 1810, Batyushkov met Karamzin, and entered the circle of writers close to him. Having received his resignation with the rank of second lieutenant and living either in Moscow or on his estate in Khantonov, the poet writes a lot in poetry and prose, and translates.
At the beginning of 1812, Batyushkov moved to St. Petersburg, and in April of the same year entered the Public Library as an assistant curator of manuscripts. The director of the library was Alexei Olenin, a writer-archaeologist, artist and connoisseur of the arts, in whose house there was a salon visited by many writers and artists with whom Batyushkov met. Colleagues in the Public Library were Gnedich and Krylov.
The outbreak of the Patriotic War of 1812 strengthens the patriotic feeling in the poet's soul. He wants to go to war, but illness, a strong fever, prevents him from immediately realizing this intention. Almost on the eve of the Battle of Borodisk, the poet takes a vacation and comes to Moscow in order to accompany the widow of his mentor E. F. Muravyova and her family to Nizhny Novgorod. The confluence of refugees and national disasters, seen by the poet on the way from Moscow, make a strong impression on him. Batyushkov returns to Moscow after the expulsion of the French from it.
In 1813, Batyushkov, as soon as his state of health allowed, left for Dresden, to the main apartment of the army in the field. Batyushkov is now General Raevsky's adjutant. In the battle near Leipzig, Batyushkov's friend, sung in his poems, I. A. Petin, dies, and Raevsky is wounded. In 1814, the poet takes part in the crossing of the Rhine and entry into France. From Paris, whose capitulation Batyushkov witnessed, he returned to St. Petersburg via England, Sweden and Finland.
The unsuccessful attempt to marry in 1815, the disorder of personal relations with his father, were hard for the poet. For some time he lives in Ukraine, in Kamenetz-Podolsk, with his military authorities. The poet is elected in absentia as a member of the Arzamas literary society. At this time, Batyushkov is experiencing a strong creative upsurge: in a year he writes twelve poetic and eight prose works. He prepares his works in verse and prose for publication.
After arriving in Moscow, the poet is elected a member of the Moscow Society of Lovers of Literature. At the entrance to it, one reads "Speech on the influence of light poetry on the language", a historical and theoretical and literary article published in the "Proceedings" of the society. Batyushkov is elected an honorary member of the Free Society of Lovers of Literature. The poet takes part in the meetings of Arzamas. In October 1817, "Experiments in Poetry and Prose" was published, which Gnedich then published. The book was well received by critics and readers.
After trips to the village with the intention of saving the estate of his father, who died in 1817, from sale at a public auction, after a stay in St. Petersburg, in the spring of 1818, the poet went south to improve his health. On the advice of Zhukovsky, Batyushkov applies for enrollment in one of the missions in Italy. In Odessa, the poet receives a letter from Alexander Turgenev announcing the poet's appointment to diplomatic service to Naples. After a long journey, he arrives at the place of duty, with vivid impressions of the trip. Important for the poet was a meeting with Russian artists, including Sylvester Shchedrin and Orest Kiprensky, who lived at that time in Rome.
Having received leave for treatment at the end of 1820, Batyushkov travels to Rome, and then, the very next year, to the waters in Teplitz, where he learns that an anonymous poem “B ... c from Rome” appeared in “Son of the Fatherland”, written from Batyushkov's face and accepted by readers as his work, although Pletnev was its author. Batyushkov takes this as a personal insult.
By 1821, hypochondria took such proportions that the poet had to leave the service and Italy.
In 1822, the mental disorder expressed itself quite definitely, and since then Batyushkov suffered for 34 years, almost never regaining consciousness, and finally died of typhus on July 7, 1855 in Vologda; buried in the Spaso-Prilutsky Monastery, five versts from Vologda. Back in 1815, Batyushkov wrote the following words about himself to Zhukovsky: “From birth, I had in my soul black spot which grew, grew with the years and almost blackened the whole soul.