The CIA spent $20 million to tear Poland away from the USSR. The CIA spent $ 20 million to tear Poland away from the USSR Why European countries capitulated and the USSR stood still

Let's start with the most common liberoid myth about the beginning of the Great patriotic war. Liberoids and Russophobes of all stripes and colors assure us that if it were not for the Russian open spaces, where there was where to retreat, they say, there would be no victory.

The heroic resistance of our ancestors to the Nazi hordes is not considered for them, since the liberoid Vlasovites get an orgasm from the military machine of the Third Reich. “It turns out that the Europeans didn’t “shamefully” scamper away from Hitler, they just didn’t have territory to retreat to the Volga,” Eremin writes.

As for the fact that supposedly the French had nowhere to retreat - this is already a blatant lie. Just look at the map of the French campaign of the Wehrmacht and see that the French still had almost half of France. Yes, the French were defeated, but they did not lose the war on May 14, 1940. However, they shamefully surrendered, surrendering Paris without a fight. Everyone knows about the battle for Moscow, but no one has ever heard of the battle for Paris.

The Poles fought for Warsaw for almost three weeks. So, there is no justification for such a shameful surrender for the French. They could fight for every meter of their "Belle France", but did not. They could turn Paris and other cities into fortresses and fight for every house, for every brick, but they did not. They could have declared total mobilization, but they didn't. They could have joined the partisans, but they didn't. They could, after all, prostrate themselves before Moscow and beg for a second front, but they didn't.

They simply shamefully capitulated and became allies of Nazi Germany.

Yes, until the summer of 1942, France was an ally of the Third Reich, and French soldiers managed to fight and die for Germany in North Africa and Syria. Therefore, to compare the French with our ancestors, and even set frogs as an example, is already complete disgusting and blasphemy.

And what about the French "draped" from the Germans? What did they do at Dunkirk? Instead of digging in and turning Dunkirk into a defensive bridgehead, which would be defended by the British fleet and aircraft, this, not to mention the sea supply of the Dunkirk bridgehead, 18 French divisions simply fled to England.

Can you imagine how the Soviet divisions, instead of defending Leningrad, would have taken and fled to neutral Sweden? I cannot, but the French did just that, leaving their country under the heel of the German occupiers.

Here it should be said where such an increase in the motorization of the Wehrmacht comes from. And here the Germans should say "thank you" to the frogs. Müller-Hillebrandt writes:

"As a temporary way out of the situation of steel in in large numbers captured vehicles were used, which, however, made it even more difficult to repair vehicles. In addition, vehicles from French automobile factories were used in significant quantities. But this also could not solve the problem, since French cars, as a rule, did not meet the requirements that were imposed on motor vehicles by roads in the East.

At least 88 infantry divisions, 3 motorized infantry divisions and 1 tank division were equipped mainly with French and captured vehicles.

Gasoline for the attack on the USSR Germany was also provided by the French. “The victory over France paid off many times over. The Germans found sufficient oil reserves in the storage facilities for the battle for England and for the first major campaign in Russia. And the collection of occupation expenses from France ensured the maintenance of an army of 18 million people,” writes the British historian. Taylor in World War II. That is, half of the Wehrmacht was supported by French money.

Knowing such facts, a Russian person in the direction of the French can have only one reaction - a contemptuous spit. Not only did the French shamefully give up their homeland German fascists, but even before 1944 dutifully worked, financed and fought on the side of Germany. But from the point of view of the Vlasovites, the despicable frogs deserve respect much more than our ancestors, who fought, retreated, but did not give up, even when captured.

But few people know that the war did not end there.

Decree "On the termination of the state of war between the Soviet Union and Germany"The USSR signed only 10 years after the surrender Nazi Germany, January 25, 1955. What happened 58 years ago, and why did the history books bypass this date? We talked about this with Dr. historical sciences Yuri Zhukov.

"STALIN INSISTED ON UNITED GERMANY"

Quite right!

Do not confuse, this is Victory Day. In fact, with the surrender of Germany on May 8, the war with the use of weapons, when they kill without asking the permission of lawyers, ended. And in January 1955, the legal and diplomatic state of the war ended.

- But why did you have to wait almost 10 years for the signing of a peace treaty?

This is a historical and diplomatic incident. But first things first... While the war was going on, at the Tehran, Yalta and even Potsdam conferences, the agreement of the three great powers - the USSR, the USA and Great Britain - was reached on the fate of Germany. And for a very long time, it was difficult to discuss the question of how this country will continue to exist - single state or apart. Stalin insisted on maintaining a unified German state, demilitarized and neutral.

Why did he need it?

He remembered what happened after Versailles. The French occupied the Rhine zone, and in 1923 they occupied the Ruhr, the Poles seized Mountainous Silesia, part of West Prussia ... This led to revanchism, the desire to restore what was lost and, as a result, to the emergence of fascism. And Stalin, unlike the French and the British, remembered it too well. However, Churchill and Roosevelt insisted all the time on the division of Germany. Then the French also intervened, who generally capitulated in 1940, collaborated with the Germans, including sending their soldiers to the Eastern Front. France wanted to wrest the Rhine zone from Germany, creating a "security buffer" for itself. Plus, they also dreamed of the Saar region - a powerful coal basin - either to annex this zone to France, or to create an independent state there.

"AMERICANS HAVE A CLEAN POLITICS"

- And what was the reason for the British to saw Germany?

Great Britain was very weakened during the war and lived off the aid of the United States. She understood that only the USSR turned out to be the most powerful country on the continent after the war, and that was scary. But in London they got used to the system of European balance, so that there are two sides, so that no one prevails, and they, the British, would habitually be “chief judges”. And under these conditions, in 1946, they insisted on the dismemberment of Germany in order to create at least two states on the territory of their zone. The British wanted to gain a foothold in this zone as powerfully as possible.

- And the Americans?

The Americans pursued an even more cunning policy. They decided to become the "fathers of democracy" for Germany. Already in the 46th, in their occupied zone, they held local elections and a monetary reform, a Western mark appeared, which later became the Deutschmark. In addition, in July 1948, three of our former ally went in their zones to create a parliamentary council. Finally, in 1949, a constitution was adopted there, and elections to the Bundestag were held. And the German government was formed, headed by Konrad Adenauer. The USSR had no choice but to create the GDR in its zone. Nevertheless, Moscow continued to hope for a united Germany. And we did everything possible for this. And in May 1953, we even managed to agree!

“The PRESIDENT OF THE FRG PROVOKED A COUP IN THE SOVIET ZONE"

- So why didn't the world see a united Germany then?

And then what happened was what Konrad Adenauer described in his memoirs, which were also published in our country. He was mortally afraid of the union. Because he understood: then his Christian Democratic Union party, which had power only in the Rhine zone, would lose its majority. Fear of political competition. And he provoked the same rebellion on July 13, 1953 in Berlin, which is given out today by the mythologisers of history as "a popular expression of will against the Soviet occupation."

- Maybe there really was a rebellion "from below"?

Read his memoirs! He directly admits that the "mutiny" was completely organized and controlled by him! And then everything is known: we had to bring in tanks against the so-called strikers, there were dead ... Adenauer calculated everything: he took advantage of the suppression of this putsch to discredit the USSR and convinced London and Washington not to agree to unification agreements.

In January 1955, it became completely clear to us that it would not be possible to reach an agreement. Then we took this amazing move: declare an end to the state of war with Germany (without specifying which one), recognize the GDR as a sovereign state and allow the East Germans to create their own army. That same decree appeared in January, and in February we also recognized the FRG.

“WE DID NOT START THE DIVISION OF THE COUNTRY!”

- That is, it was not we who split Germany?

Normal chronology shows that the first "meow" was said in the West. Of course, if Roosevelt had not died in April 1945, if Attlee had not become British Prime Minister instead of Churchill, perhaps everything would have gone differently. Because this great trio - Stalin, Churchill and Roosevelt - they would agree. And instead of them, weaklings came, each of whom bent his own. Our desire to quickly dismantle and take the enterprises to the USSR in exchange for what we lost was estimated by the Americans as a robbery. At that time, they themselves hunted for patents and for intellectuals - German engineers, rocket scientists.

But we built the Berlin Wall... And Gorbachev repented that we separated brothers and sisters for decades...

Excuse me, but the facts show who started this section after all! The Berlin Wall was built by the same idiots who built the wall between Mexico and the United States, Egypt and Israel. If they accuse us, then they should be treated like this.

"PRISONERS DO NOTHING"

Some amateur historians believe that we were deliberately at war for so long in order not to release the German prisoners of war who were restoring the destroyed ...

This is not entirely true. The decree was not signed for so long, not because of them, as I said. prisoners - side effect. Although due to this circumstance, many of them remained in the Union, restoring the economy.

- But why did this date go around in the history books? Even in Soviet...

Because it happened in 1955, already in the period of Khrushchev - the beginning of the mythologization of our past - it was not before that. After all, Khrushchev himself walked under the sword of Damocles accusations of mass repression. Documents have long been published, how the first secretaries asked for the right to shoot "enemies of the people" without trial and investigation, and how many to shoot, they also indicated. So, in second place in this “rating” is Comrade Nikita Khrushchev, First Secretary of the Moscow City and Regional Committees of the Party. In 1937, he found about 20 thousand fists in the Moscow region. Where did they come from in such numbers, because dispossession was over long ago? .. When he was sent to Kyiv in 1938, in the very first telegram from there he asked for permission to sign the execution of 20 thousand people. And having seized power, he completely shifted the blame to Stalin, trying to whitewash his name in history ...

HELP "KP"

Russia does not have a peace treaty only with Japan

Today, Japan remains the only country that does not have a peace treaty with Russia. It's all about territorial claims: after the war with Japan, the USSR took possession of the Kuril Islands, which were previously part of Russian Empire. In 1956, the Moscow Declaration was signed, according to which we pledged to return the island of Shikotan and the Habomai group of islands to the Japanese, after which a peace treaty was to be signed. However, the Japanese demanded that the USSR, in addition to them, also return Kunashir and Iturup, which the Soviet side did not agree to. Disputes are still ongoing.

BY THE WAY

Churchill prepared to attack the USSR in 1945

In 1998, the plans for Operation Unthinkable, developed by the British government under the personal supervision of Winston Churchill, were declassified. According to documents, Great Britain planned on 1 July 1945 to launch a surprise attack on Red Army units in the Dresden area. For this, 47 Anglo-American divisions were kept in combat readiness. The piquancy of this story is given by the fact that it was planned to use 10 German divisions in the attack on the USSR. The operation was not implemented only because the new US President Harry Truman refused to participate in it.

On Defender of the Fatherland Day, it is worth recalling who the Russian soldier fought with and where the defenders of other fatherlands were at that time

This year we will celebrate the 70th anniversary of the Victory Soviet Union in World War II. Therefore, on Defender of the Fatherland Day, it is worth recalling once again who the Russian soldier fought with and where the defenders of other fatherlands were at that time.

So it turns out that it would be more logical for many European countries to celebrate May 9 not as Victory Day in World War II, but to remember their shameful capitulation. After all, almost all of continental Europe by 1941 somehow entered the Third Reich. Of the more than two dozen European countries that existed by June 1941, nine - Spain, Italy, Finland, Denmark, Norway, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia and Croatia - Together with Germany and Austria entered the war against the USSR.

The rest also resisted the enemy for a short time:

Monaco - 1 day, Luxembourg - 1 day, Netherlands - 6 days, Belgium - 8 days, Yugoslavia - 12 days, Greece - 24 days, Poland - 36 days, France - 43 days, and then actually joined the aggressor and worked for his industry. Even supposedly neutral countries - Switzerland and Sweden did not stand aside. They granted fascist Germany the right to free transit of military cargo through their territory, and also received huge incomes from trade. The trade turnover of "neutral" Portugal with the Nazis was so successful that in May 1945 she declared three days of mourning in connection with the death of Hitler.

But that's not all. - The national identity of all those who died in battles on the Russian front is difficult or even impossible to establish. But the composition of the military personnel taken prisoner by our army during the war is known. Germans and Austrians - 2,546,242 people; 766,901 people belonged to other nations that declared war on us: Hungarians, Romanians, Italians, Finns and others, but another 464,147 prisoners of war are French, Belgians, Czechs and representatives of other European states that did not seem to be at war with us, - gives terrible numbers of betrayal historian Vadim Kozhinov. - And while this multinational army won victories on the Russian front, Europe was, by and large, on the side of the Third Reich.

That is why, according to the recollections of the participants, during the signing of the act of surrender of Germany on May 8, 1945, the head of the German delegation, Field Marshal Keitel, seeing among those present at the ceremony persons in French military uniform, could not contain his surprise: "How?! And they also defeated us, or what ?!

It is interesting what the field marshal would say today to the Europeans calling for celebrating Victory Day without Russia's participation. I would probably remind you that the Wehrmacht conquered their countries faster than a couple of houses in Stalingrad.

The author forgets about such things as PACTs .... Treaties of countries on non-aggression, or vice versa, alliances on strengthening ... Each country tried to snatch a piece of Europe for itself ... For example, a pact of four:
On July 15, 1933, the "Pact of Accord and Cooperation" between England, France, Italy and Germany (Pact of Four) was signed in Rome and by the ambassadors of France (de Jouvenel), England (Graham) and Germany (von Hassel).
Germany, following these agreements, demanded complete equality of rights in matters of armaments (i.e., the abolition of the restrictions of the Treaty of Versailles) and, together with Italy, insisted on revising peace treaties prisoners after the 1st World War. England hoped to capture the leading position in the Big Four. France, bound by treaty relations with the countries of the Entente Minor and Poland and interested in maintaining the Versailles treaty system, at first rejected the demands of Germany and Italy. However, the positions of the four major powers were brought together by the desire to create a closed group that opposes the Soviet Union.

In a conversation with the German ambassador in Rome, Hassel, on March 15, 1933, Mussolini frankly showed the enormous benefits that the "Pact of Four" provided to Nazi Germany:

“Thanks to a quiet period of 5 to 10 years secured in this way, Germany will be able to arm on the basis of the principle of equality of rights, without France having any pretext to do anything against it. At the same time, the possibility of revision will be officially recognized for the first time and will be maintained throughout the period mentioned ... The system of peace treaties will thus be practically eliminated ... "

The conclusion of the "Pact of Four" reinforced Poland's fears that the "big" powers would be ready to sacrifice the interests of the "small" ones in the event of a crisis. The result was an attempt to protect themselves from possible aggression by an agreement with Germany. In addition, the position of Poland was influenced by the fact that a clearly defined alliance of Poland and Hungary was taking shape in Central European politics, directed against Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, and also Romania - that is, against the Little Entente. The Polish leadership expected from Germany (also interested in the division of Czechoslovakia and, possibly, Austria and Yugoslavia) active mutual support in the redistribution of the Versailles borders. Partially, these expectations were justified after Munich Agreement 1938, when Germany, Hungary and Poland divided the Czechoslovak territories among themselves.

Negotiations intensified when Germany withdrew from the League of Nations on October 19, 1933, followed by its international isolation. The Polish dictator considered that this was a unique moment in order to finally remove the mutual tension between Poland and Germany.

On November 15, the Warsaw ambassador in Berlin handed Hitler an oral message from Piłsudski. It said that the Polish ruler positively assesses the coming to power of the National Socialists and their foreign policy aspirations. It was said about the personal positive role of the German Fuhrer in establishing relations between countries and that Pilsudski himself considers him as a guarantor of the inviolability of Polish borders. The note ended with the words that the Polish dictator appealed personally to Hitler with a request to overcome all the accumulated contradictions...........

And during the war? Poland was so afraid of Germany, but the Chekhovs "chipped off" a piece on the sly .. Then the truth itself "received" ...
Each country did what it considered best for itself...

The vast majority of our fellow citizens know that on May 9 the country celebrates Victory Day. A slightly smaller number know that the date was not chosen by chance, and it is associated with the signing of the act of surrender of Nazi Germany.

But the question of why, in fact, the USSR and Europe celebrate Victory Day on different days, baffles many.

So how did you really give up Nazi Germany?

German disaster

By the beginning of 1945, Germany's position in the war had become simply catastrophic. The rapid offensive of the Soviet troops from the East and the allied armies from the West led to the fact that the outcome of the war became clear to almost everyone.

From January to May 1945, the agony of the Third Reich actually took place. More and more units rushed to the front, not so much with the aim of turning the tide, but with the aim of delaying the final catastrophe.

Under these conditions, atypical chaos reigned in the German army. Suffice it to say that there is simply no complete information about the losses suffered by the Wehrmacht in 1945 - the Nazis no longer had time to bury their dead and draw up reports.

On April 16, 1945, Soviet troops deployed offensive operation in the direction of Berlin, the purpose of which was to capture the capital of Nazi Germany.

Despite the large forces concentrated by the enemy and his deeply echeloned defensive fortifications, in a matter of days, Soviet units broke through to the outskirts of Berlin.

Not allowing the enemy to be drawn into protracted street battles, on April 25, Soviet assault groups began advancing towards the city center.

On the same day, on the Elbe River, Soviet troops joined with American units, as a result of which the Wehrmacht armies that continued to fight were divided into groups isolated from each other.

In Berlin itself, units of the 1st Belorussian Front advanced towards the government offices of the Third Reich.

Part 3 shock army broke into the Reichstag area on the evening of April 28. At dawn on April 30, the building of the Ministry of the Interior was taken, after which the way to the Reichstag was opened.

Capitulation of Hitler and Berlin

Located at that time in the bunker of the Reich Chancellery Adolf Gitler"surrendered" in the middle of the day on April 30, committing suicide. According to the testimony of the Fuhrer's comrades-in-arms, last days his greatest fear was that the Russians would bombard the bunker with sleep gas shells, after which he would be put up in a cage in Moscow for the amusement of the crowd.

Around 21:30 on April 30, units of the 150th Infantry Division captured the main part of the Reichstag, and on the morning of May 1, a red flag was raised over it, which became the Banner of Victory.

Germany, Reichstag. Photo: www.russianlook.com

The fierce battle in the Reichstag, however, did not stop, and the units defending it stopped resistance only on the night of May 1-2.

On the night of May 1, 1945, he arrived at the location of the Soviet troops Chief general staff German ground forces General Krebs, who reported Hitler's suicide, and requested a truce while the new German government took office. The Soviet side demanded unconditional surrender, which was refused around 18:00 on May 1.

By this time, only the Tiergarten and the government quarter remained under German control in Berlin. The refusal of the Nazis gave Soviet troops the right to re-launch the assault, which did not last long: at the beginning of the first night of May 2, the Germans requested a cease-fire by radio and announced their readiness to surrender.

At 6 am on May 2, 1945 commander of the defense of Berlin, General of Artillery Weidling accompanied by three generals, he crossed the front line and surrendered. An hour later, while at the headquarters of the 8th Guards Army, he wrote a surrender order, which was duplicated and, using loud-speaking installations and radio, brought to enemy units defending in the center of Berlin. By the end of the day on May 2, resistance in Berlin had ceased, and individual German groups that continued to fighting, were destroyed.

However, Hitler's suicide and the final fall of Berlin did not mean the surrender of Germany, which still had more than a million soldiers in the ranks.

Eisenhower's soldierly honesty

The new government of Germany, headed by Grand Admiral Karl Doenitz, decided to "save the Germans from the Red Army", continuing the fighting on Eastern Front, simultaneously with the flight of civilian forces and troops to the West. The main idea was capitulation in the West in the absence of capitulation in the East. Since, in view of the agreements between the USSR and the Western Allies, it is difficult to achieve surrender only in the West, a policy of private surrenders at the level of army groups and below should be pursued.

May 4 before the British army Marshal Montgomery the German group capitulated in Holland, Denmark, Schleswig-Holstein and North-West Germany. On May 5, Army Group G surrendered to the Americans in Bavaria and Western Austria.

After that, negotiations began between the Germans and the Western Allies for a complete surrender in the West. However, American General Eisenhower disappointed the German military - surrender must take place both in the West and in the East, and the German armies must stop where they are. This meant that not everyone would be able to escape from the Red Army to the West.

German prisoners of war in Moscow. Photo: www.russianlook.com

The Germans tried to protest, but Eisenhower warned that if the Germans continued to play for time, his troops would forcefully stop everyone fleeing to the West, whether soldiers or refugees. In this situation, the German command agreed to sign unconditional surrender.

Improvisation by General Susloparov

The signing of the act was to take place at General Eisenhower's headquarters in Reims. Members of the Soviet military mission were called there on May 6 General Susloparov and Colonel Zenkovich, which was informed about the upcoming signing of the act of unconditional surrender of Germany.

Nobody would envy Ivan Alekseevich Susloparov at that moment. The fact is that he did not have the authority to sign the surrender. Having sent a request to Moscow, he did not receive a response by the beginning of the procedure.

In Moscow, they rightly feared that the Nazis would achieve their goal and sign a capitulation to the Western allies on favorable terms for them. Not to mention the fact that the very execution of the surrender at the American headquarters in Reims categorically did not suit the Soviet Union.

Easiest General Susloparov It was at that moment not to sign any documents at all. However, according to his recollections, an extremely unpleasant collision could have developed: the Germans surrendered to the allies by signing the act, and they remain at war with the USSR. Where this situation will lead is unclear.

General Susloparov acted at his own peril and risk. In the text of the document, he made the following note: this protocol on military surrender does not exclude the further signing of another, more perfect act of the surrender of Germany, if any allied government declares so.

In this form, the act of surrender of Germany was signed with German side Chief of the Operational Staff of the OKW, Colonel General Alfred Jodl, from the Anglo-American side Lieutenant General of the US Army, Chief of the General Staff of the Allied Expeditionary Force Walter Smith, from the USSR - the representative of the Headquarters of the Supreme High Command under the command of the allies Major General Ivan Susloparov. As a witness, the deed was signed by the French brigade General Francois Sevez. The signing of the act took place at 2:41 on May 7, 1945. It was supposed to come into force on May 8 at 23:01 CET.

Interestingly, General Eisenhower declined to participate in the signing, citing the low status of the German representative.

Temporary effect

After the signing, an answer was received from Moscow - General Susloparov was forbidden to sign any documents.

The Soviet command believed that 45 hours before the entry into force of the document, the German forces use to escape to the West. This, in fact, was not denied by the Germans themselves.

As a result, at the urging Soviet side, it was decided to hold another ceremony of signing the unconditional surrender of Germany, which was organized on the evening of May 8, 1945 in the German suburb of Karlshorst. The text, with few exceptions, repeated the text of the document signed in Reims.

From German side act signed: Field Marshal General, Chief of the Supreme High Command Wilhelm Keitel, representative of the Air Force - Colonel General Stupmf and the Navy Admiral von Friedeburg. Accepted unconditional surrender Marshal Zhukov(from the Soviet side) and British Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Allied Expeditionary Force Marshal Tedder. Signed as witnesses US Army General Spaatz and french General de Tassigny.

It is curious that General Eisenhower was about to arrive for the signing of this act, but was stopped by the objection of the British Premiere Winston Churchill: if the allied commander had signed the act in Karlshorst without signing it in Reims, the significance of the Reims act would have seemed completely insignificant.

The signing of the act in Karlshorst took place on May 8, 1945 at 22:43 CET, and it entered into force, as agreed back in Reims, at 23:01 on May 8. However, according to Moscow time, these events occurred at 0:43 and 1:01 on May 9.

It was this discrepancy in time that was the reason that May 8 became Victory Day in Europe, and May 9 in the Soviet Union.

To each his own

After the entry into force of the act of unconditional surrender, the organized resistance of Germany finally ceased. This, however, did not prevent individual groups solving local problems (as a rule, a breakthrough to the West) from engaging in battles after May 9th. However, such fights were short-lived and ended in the destruction of the Nazis who did not comply with the terms of surrender.

As for General Susloparov, personally Stalin assessed his actions in the current situation as correct and balanced. After the war, Ivan Alekseevich Susloparov worked at the Military Diplomatic Academy in Moscow, died in 1974 at the age of 77, and was buried with military honors at the Vvedensky cemetery in Moscow.

The fate of the German commanders Alfred Jodl and Wilhelm Keitel, who signed the unconditional surrender at Reims and Karlshorst, was less enviable. The International Tribunal at Nuremberg recognized them as war criminals and sentenced them to death penalty. On the night of October 16, 1946, Jodl and Keitel were hanged in the gymnasium of the Nuremberg prison.