K d balmont years of life. Balmont, Konstantin Dmitrievich - short biography
Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont was born on June 3 (15), 1867 in the village of Gumnishchi, Shuisky district, Vladimir province. Father, Dmitry Konstantinovich, served in the Shuisky district court and zemstvo, having gone from a small employee in the rank of collegiate registrar to a justice of the peace, and then to the chairman of the district zemstvo council. Mother, Vera Nikolaevna, nee Lebedeva, was an educated woman, and greatly influenced the future outlook of the poet, introducing him to the world of music, literature, history.
In 1876-1883, Balmont studied at the Shuya gymnasium, from where he was expelled for participating in an anti-government circle. He continued his education at the Vladimir Gymnasium, then at the University of Moscow, and at the Demidov Lyceum in Yaroslavl. In 1887 he was expelled from Moscow University for participation in student unrest and exiled to Shuya. Higher education never got it, but thanks to his diligence and curiosity, he became one of the most erudite and cultured people of his time. Balmont annually read great amount books, studied, according to various sources, from 14 to 16 languages, in addition to literature and art, he was fond of history, ethnography, and chemistry.
Poems began to write in childhood. The first book of poems "Collection of Poems" was published in Yaroslavl at the expense of the author in 1890. The young poet, after the release of the book, burned almost the entire small print run.
The decisive time in the formation of Balmont's poetic worldview was the mid-1890s. Until now, his poems have not stood out as something special among late populist poetry. Publication of the collections “Under the Northern Sky” (1894) and “In the Vastness” (1895), translation of two scientific works “History of Scandinavian Literature” by Gorn-Schweitzer and “History of Italian Literature” by Gaspari, acquaintance with [V. Bryusov] and other representatives of the new direction in art, strengthened the poet's faith in himself and his special destiny. In 1898, Balmont released the collection "Silence", which finally marked the author's place in modern literature.
Balmont was destined to become one of the founders of a new direction in literature - symbolism. However, among the “senior symbolists” ([D. Merezhkovsky[, [Z. Gippius], [F. Sologub], [V. Bryusov]) and among the “junior” ones ([A. Blok], [Andrei Bely], Vyacheslav Ivanov ) he had his own position associated with a broader understanding of symbolism as poetry, which, in addition to a specific meaning, has a hidden content, expressed through hints, mood, and musical sound. Of all the symbolists, Balmont most consistently developed the impressionistic branch. His poetic world is the world of the finest fleeting observations, fragile feelings.
Balmont's forerunners in poetry were, in his opinion, Zhukovsky, Lermontov, Fet, Shelley and E. Poe.
Widespread fame came to Balmont rather late, and in the late 1890s he was rather known as a talented translator from Norwegian, Spanish, English and other languages.
In 1903, one of best compilations poet "We will be like the sun" and the collection "Only love". And before that, for the anti-government poem "The Little Sultan", read at a literary evening in the City Duma, the authorities expelled Balmont from St. Petersburg, forbidding him to live in other university cities. And in 1902, Balmont went abroad, being a political emigrant.
In addition to almost all European countries, Balmont visited the United States of America and Mexico, and in the summer of 1905 returned to Moscow, where his two collections Liturgy of Beauty and Fairy Tales were published.
Balmont responds to the events of the first Russian revolution with the collections Poems (1906) and Songs of the Avenger (1907). Fearing persecution, the poet again leaves Russia and leaves for France, where he lives until 1913. From here he makes trips to Spain, Egypt, South America, Australia, New Zealand, Indonesia, Ceylon, India.
The book Firebird, published in 1907. Pipe of a Slav", in which Balmont developed national theme, did not bring him success, and from that time the gradual decline of the poet's fame begins. However, Balmont himself was not aware of his creative decline. He remains aloof from the fierce polemic between the symbolists, which is being conducted on the pages of "Balance" and "The Golden Fleece", disagrees with Bryusov in understanding the tasks facing contemporary art, still writes a lot, easily, selflessly. One after another, the collections “Birds in the Air” (1908), “Round Dance of Times” (1908), “Green Heliport” (1909) are published. He speaks of them with uncharacteristic sharpness [A. Block].
In May 1913, after an amnesty was announced in connection with the tercentenary of the Romanov dynasty, Balmont returned to Russia and for some time found himself in the center of attention of the literary community. By this time, he was not only a famous poet, but also the author of three books containing literary critical and aesthetic articles: Mountain Peaks (1904), White Lightnings (1908), Sea Glow (1910).
Before October Revolution Balmont creates two more truly interesting collections, Ash (1916) and Sonnets of the Sun, Honey and Moon (1917).
Balmont welcomed the overthrow of the autocracy, but the events that followed the revolution scared him away, and thanks to the support of A. Lunacharsky, Balmont received permission in June 1920 to temporarily travel abroad. The temporary departure turned into long years of emigration for the poet.
He died on December 23, 1942 from pneumonia. He was buried in the town of Noisy le Grand near Paris, where he lived in recent years.
Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont (with an accent on the first syllable - a generic name, on the second - a literary one) - Russian poet, prose writer, critic, translator - was born June 3 (15), 1867 in the village of Gumnishchi, Shuisky district, Vladimir province, in a poor noble family. Here he lived until the age of 10.
Balmont's father worked as a judge, then as head of the zemstvo council. The love of literature and music was instilled in the future poet by his mother. The family moved to the city of Shuya when the older children went to school. In 1876 Balmont studied at the Shuya gymnasium, but soon he got tired of studying, and he began to pay more and more attention to reading. After being expelled from the gymnasium for revolutionary sentiments, Balmont transferred to the city of Vladimir, where he studied before 1886. Studied at Moscow University at the Department of Law ( 1886-1887.; expelled for participating in student riots).
K. Balmont published poems for the first time in 1885 in the magazine "Picturesque Review" in St. Petersburg. Late 1880s Balmont was engaged translation activities. In 1890 due to a disastrous financial situation and an unsuccessful first marriage, Balmont tried to commit suicide - he jumped out of the window, but survived. Having received serious injuries, he lay in bed for a year. This year has been creatively productive. The first poetry collection was published in Yaroslavl in 1890(destroyed most of the circulation).
He gained initial fame as a translator of the works of B.P. Shelley and E. Poe. Balmont has been translating (from more than 30 languages) all his life, his translations of Calderon's plays and Rustaveli's The Knight in the Panther's Skin have become classics.
Books of poems "Under the northern sky" ( 1894 ) and "In the vastness" ( 1895 ) are close to impressionism, marked by the musical melodiousness of the verse. Having approached the circle of senior symbolists ( mid 1890s., living in Moscow, Balmont communicates with V.Ya. Bryusov, a little later in St. Petersburg - with D.S. Merezhkovsky, Z.N. Gippius, N.M. Minsky), Konstantin Balmont becomes one of the most famous poets this direction.
Married for the second time in 1896, Balmont leaves for Europe. He has been traveling for several years. In 1897 in England he lectures on Russian poetry.
A kind of lyrical trilogy are his best poetry collections - "Silence" ( 1898 ), "Burning Buildings" ( 1900 ) and "Let's be like the Sun" ( 1903 ). Enthusiastic openness to all phenomena of the world, incl. and “demonic” (especially noticeable in the cycle “The Devil Artist” and in the collection “Evil Spells” confiscated by the censors, 1906 ), the ability to capture instantaneous experiences, mastery of complex forms of verse, and the phonetic richness of speech made Balmont's poems extremely popular.
Books of critical essays - "Mountain Peaks" ( 1904 ), "Poetry as magic" ( 1915 ). Readers were delighted by the knowledge of many languages and the poet's multiculturalism, images exotic countries(K. Balmont visited Mexico, Polynesia, Australia, Japan, etc.), the reputation of an active "life-creator" (including in his personal life, well known to the public).
However, the abundance of travel experiences often interfered with the deep experience of other cultures, in his work they became hardly distinguishable from each other. Polywriting (voluminous books of new poems were published almost every time) entailed self-repetition, impressionistic descriptions of the nature and soul of the poet became stereotyped. And although individual poems and even books were successful (for example, "The Liturgy of Beauty", 1905 ; "Firebird", 1907 ; "Glow of dawn" 1912 ), criticism increasingly spoke of the decline of K. Balmont's work. K. Balmont's biased speeches with political poems did not save the situation either. He was harassed on several occasions, 1906-1913. he was forced to live abroad (mainly in Paris), but his revolutionary poems (“Songs of the Avenger”, 1907 , etc.) do not correspond to the level of the poet's talent.
K. Balmont spent the years of the First World War and the revolution in Russia. In the essay book "Am I a Revolutionary or Not" ( 1918 ) asserted the priority of the individual over social transformations. In 1920 because of the poor health of his third wife and daughter, with the permission of the Soviet government, he went with them to France. He never returned to Russia again. In Paris, Balmont publishes 6 more collections of his poems, and in 1923- autobiographical books: "Under the new sickle", "Air way". There he soon made a sharp criticism of the Bolshevik regime.
In the 1920s and in the first half of the 1930s. Konstantin Balmont continued to publish a lot, wrote poetry and prose, translated Polish, Czech, Bulgarian, Lithuanian poets, while traveling around Europe his performances were successful, but Balmont was no longer recognized in the centers of the Russian diaspora.
Since 1937 mentally ill, practically did not write. Konstantin Balmont died of pneumonia December 23, 1942 in Noisy-le-Grand (near Paris) in the Russian House shelter in poverty and oblivion.
English: Wikipedia is making the site more secure. You are using an old web browser that will not be able to connect to Wikipedia in the future. Please update your device or contact your IT administrator.
中文: 维基 百科 正在 使 网站 更加 更加 全 全 您 您 正在 使用 旧 的 浏览 浏览 这 这 在 无法 无法 连接 维基 维基 请 请 更 更 您 的 设备 或 联络 您 的 it 管理员 以下 提供 更 长 长 更具 技术性 的 更更 (仅 英语 ）。
Espanol: Wikipedia está haciendo el sitio más seguro. Usted está utilizando un navegador web viejo que no será capaz de conectarse a Wikipedia en el futuro. Actualice su dispositivo o contacte a su administrador informático. Más abajo hay una actualizacion más larga y más técnica en inglés.
ﺎﻠﻋﺮﺒﻳﺓ: ويكيبيديا تسعى لتأمين الموقع أكثر من ذي قبل. أنت تستخدم متصفح وب قديم لن يتمكن من الاتصال بموقع ويكيبيديا في المستقبل. يرجى تحديث جهازك أو الاتصال بغداري تقنية المعلومات الخاص بك. يوجد تحديث فني أطول ومغرق في التقنية باللغة الإنجليزية تاليا.
Francais: Wikipedia va bientôt augmenter la securité de son site. Vous utilisez actuellement un navigateur web ancien, qui ne pourra plus se connecter à Wikipédia lorsque ce sera fait. Merci de mettre à jour votre appareil ou de contacter votre administrateur informatique à cette fin. Des informations supplementaires plus techniques et en anglais sont disponibles ci-dessous.
日本語: ウィキペディア で は サイト の セキュリティ を 高め て い い ます ご ご の ブラウザ は バージョン バージョン が 古く 今後 今後, ウィキペディア に 接続 でき なく なる 能 性 性 が あり ます ます デバイス を 更 する か か か 管理 管理 に ご 相談 ください 技術 面 面 詳しい 更更 情報は以下に英語で提供しています。
German: Wikipedia erhöht die Sicherheit der Webseite. Du benutzt einen alten Webbrowser, der in Zukunft nicht mehr auf Wikipedia zugreifen können wird. Bitte aktualisiere dein Gerät oder sprich deinen IT-Administrator an. Ausführlichere (und technisch detailliertere) Hinweise findest Du unten in englischer Sprache.
Italiano: Wikipedia sta rendendo il sito più sicuro. Stai usando un browser web che non sarà in grado di connettersi a Wikipedia in futuro. Per favore, aggiorna il tuo dispositivo o contatta il tuo amministratore informatico. Più in basso è disponibile un aggiornamento più dettagliato e tecnico in inglese.
Magyar: Biztonságosabb lesz a Wikipedia. A böngésző, amit használsz, nem lesz képes kapcsolódni a jövőben. Használj modernebb szoftvert vagy jelezd a problemát a rendszergazdádnak. Alább olvashatod a reszletesebb magyarázatot (angolul).
Sweden: Wikipedia gör sidan mer säker. Du använder en äldre webbläsare som inte kommer att kunna läsa Wikipedia i framtiden. Uppdatera din enhet eller kontakta din IT-administratör. Det finns en längre och mer teknisk förklaring på engelska längre ned.
हिन्दी: विकिपीडिया साइट को और अधिक सुरक्षित बना रहा है। आप एक पुराने वेब ब्राउज़र का उपयोग कर रहे हैं जो भविष्य में विकिपीडिया से कनेक्ट नहीं हो पाएगा। कृपया अपना डिवाइस अपडेट करें या अपने आईटी व्यवस्थापक से संपर्क करें। नीचे अंग्रेजी में एक लंबा और अधिक तकनीकी अद्यतन है।
We are removing support for insecure TLS protocol versions, specifically TLSv1.0 and TLSv1.1, which your browser software relies on to connect to our sites. This is usually caused by outdated browsers, or older Android smartphones. Or it could be interference from corporate or personal "Web Security" software, which actually downgrades connection security.
You must upgrade your web browser or otherwise fix this issue to access our sites. This message will remain until Jan 1, 2020. After that date, your browser will not be able to establish a connection to our servers.
Born on June 15, 1867 in the village of Gumnishchi, Vladimir province, where he lived until the age of 10. Balmont's father worked as a judge, then as head of the zemstvo council. The love of literature and music was instilled in the future poet by his mother. The family moved to Shuya when the older children went to school. In 1876, Balmont studied at the Shuya gymnasium, but soon he got tired of studying, and he began to pay more and more attention to reading. After being expelled from the gymnasium for revolutionary sentiments, Balmont transferred to the city of Vladimir, where he studied until 1886. In the same year, he entered the university in Moscow, the department of law. Studying there did not last long, a year later he was expelled for participating in student riots.
The beginning of the creative path
The poet wrote his first poems as a ten-year-old boy, but his mother criticized his undertakings, and Balmont no longer attempted to write anything for the next six years.
For the first time the poet's poems were published in 1885 in the magazine "Picturesque Review" in St. Petersburg.
In the late 1880s, Balmont was engaged in translation activities. In 1890, due to a poor financial situation and an unsuccessful first marriage, Balmont tried to commit suicide - he jumped out of the window, but survived. Having received serious injuries, he lay in bed for a year. This year in the biography of Balmont can hardly be called successful, but it is worth noting that he turned out to be creatively productive.
The debut collection of poems (1890) of the poet did not arouse public interest, and the poet destroyed the entire circulation.
Rise to glory
The greatest flowering of Balmont's work falls on the 1890s. He reads a lot, learns languages and travels.
Balmont is often engaged in translations, in 1894 he translated Horn's History of Scandinavian Literature, in 1895-1897 Gaspari's History of Italian Literature.
Balmont published the collection "Under the Northern Sky" (1894), began to publish his works in the publishing house "Scorpion", the magazine "Scales". Soon new books appeared - "In the boundlessness" (1895), "Silence" (1898).
Having married for the second time in 1896, Balmont leaves for Europe. He has been traveling for several years. In 1897 he lectured in England on Russian poetry.
The fourth collection of Balmont's poetry, Let's Be Like the Sun, was published in 1903. The collection became especially popular and brought great success to the author. At the beginning of 1905, Konstantin Dmitrievich again leaves Russia, he travels around Mexico, then goes to California.
Balmont took an active part in the revolution of 1905-1907, mainly giving speeches to students and building barricades. Afraid of being arrested, the poet leaves for Paris in 1906.
Having visited Georgia in 1914, he translated into Russian S. Rustaveli's poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin", as well as many others. In 1915, returning to Moscow, Balmont travels around the country with lectures.
Last emigration
In 1920, due to the poor health of his third wife and daughter, he left with them for France. He never returned to Russia again. In Paris, Balmont published 6 more collections of his poems, and in 1923 - autobiographical books: "Under the new sickle", "Air way".
The poet yearned for Russia and more than once regretted that he had left. These feelings were reflected in his poetry of that time. Life in a foreign land became more and more difficult, the poet's health deteriorated, there were problems with money. Balmont was diagnosed with a serious mental illness. Living in poverty on the outskirts of Paris, he no longer wrote, but only occasionally read old books.
The greatest representative of the poetry of the early twentieth century, Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont, was born on June 3, 1867 in the village of Gumnishchi, Vladimir province. His father was listed as a judge in the city zemstvo, and his mother was engaged in literature. She often held literary evenings, appeared in amateur performances.
It was the mother who introduced Balmont to literature, history, music and literature, influencing the boy's perception. As the poet wrote later, from his mother he learned the wildness and passion of nature, which became the basis of his entire subtle soul.
Childhood
Konstantin had 6 brothers. When the time came to teach the elders, the family settled in the city. In 1876, little Balmont went to the gymnasium. The boy soon got bored with his studies, and he spent all his days reading drunkenly. Moreover, German and French books were read in the original. Balmont was so inspired by what he read that at the age of 10 he wrote poetry for the first time.
But, like many boys of that time, little Kostya was subjected to rebellious revolutionary moods. He got acquainted with the revolutionary circle, where he actively participated, because of which he was expelled in 1884. He completed his studies in Vladimir, and somehow graduated from the gymnasium in 1886. Then the young man was sent to Moscow University to study as a lawyer. But the revolutionary spirit has not gone away, and a year later the student is expelled for holding student riots.
The beginning of the creative path
The first poetic experience of a 10-year-old boy was severely criticized by his mother. A hurt boy forgets about poetry for 6 years. The first published work dates back to 1885, and it appeared in the journal Picturesque Review. From 1887 to 1889 Konstantin came to grips with the translation of books from German and French. In 1890, due to poverty and a sad marriage, the newly-made translator is thrown out of the window. With severe injuries, he spends about a year in the hospital. As the poet himself wrote, the year spent in the ward led to "an unprecedented flowering of mental excitement and cheerfulness." During this year, Balmont published his debut book of poems. Recognition did not follow, and, stung by indifference to his work, he destroys the whole circulation.
The heyday of the poet
After an unsuccessful experience with his own book, Balmont took up self-development. He reads books, improves languages, spends time on the road. From 1894 to 1897. translating The History of Scandinavian Literature and The History of Italian Literature. There are new, now successful, attempts to publish poetry: in 1894 the book "Under the Northern Sky" was published, 1895 - "In the Vastness", 1898 - "Silence". Balmont's works appear in the newspaper "Vesy". In 1896 the poet marries again and leaves for Europe with his wife. Travels continue: in 1897 he conducts lessons in Russian literature in England.
A new book of poems was published in 1903 with the title "Let's be like the sun." She had an unprecedented success. In 1905, Balmont again leaves Russia and goes to Mexico. Revolution of 1905-1907 the traveler met passionately, and took a direct part in it. The poet was regularly on the street, had a loaded revolver with him and read speeches to students. Fear of arrest makes the revolutionary leave in 1906 for France.
Having settled in the outback of Paris, the poet still spends all his time away from home. In 1914, having visited Georgia, he translated Rustaveli's poem "The Knight in the Panther's Skin". In 1915 he returned to Moscow, where he lectured students on literature.
Creative crisis
In 1920, Balmont again leaves for Paris with his third wife and daughter, and no longer leaves it. In France, 6 more collections of poems are published, in 1923 the autobiographies Under the New Sickle and Air Way are published. Konstantin Dmitrievich missed his homeland very much, and often regretted that he had left it. Suffering poured into the poems of that period. It became more and more difficult for him, and soon he was diagnosed with a serious mental disorder. The poet stopped writing and devoted more and more time to reading. He spent the end of his life in the Russian House shelter in the French outback. great poet died December 23, 1942
