Coat of arms - a distinctive sign of the state, city or clan, which is depicted on flags, coins, seals. (write in notebook)
In society, each person has a first and last name, and each state has its own symbols: coat of arms, anthem and flag. Together they stand for sovereignty
states. The coat of arms and the flag are visual distinctive signs to designate the territory of the state, the territory of the district, city, settlement. The state emblem is the official emblem of the state, depicted on banknotes, seals, one of the main state symbols of Russia, along with the flag and anthem. The coat of arms and flag designate a territorial and political entity, and the anthem - the power and values of a particular state.
Just imagine that the first National emblem Russia appeared at the end of the 15th century, the first flag - in the 18th century, and the first national anthem - in the 19th century.
The first double-headed eagle as a state emblem was on the seal of Ivan III Vasilyevich on a letter of exchange in 1497. On the front side of the seal there was an image of a horseman slaying a serpent with a spear. On the reverse side of the seal was a double-headed eagle with outstretched wings and two crowns above their heads. The double-headed eagle symbolized the power and independence of the country. Emblems: horseman and eagle became official symbols Russian state. The type of eagle has changed more than once since 1539.
During the reign of Ivan the Terrible, a shield with the image of a horseman, the oldest symbol of princely power in Russia, and a crown topped with a cross appeared on the chest of the double-headed eagle. During the reign of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich, a Calvary cross appears between the crowns of the double-headed eagle. The first tsar of the Romanov dynasty, Mikhail Fedorovich, changes the state emblem: since 1625, the double-headed eagle is depicted under three crowns, in 1645, with his son, Alexei Mikhailovich, the first Big state seal, on which a double-headed eagle with a rider on his chest is crowned with three crowns.
During the reign of Peter I, the order chain of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called appeared in the state heraldry. In 1699, the images of the double-headed eagle were surrounded by a chain with the sign of the St. Andrew's Order. Later, the Order of St. Andrew is placed on an eagle, around a shield with a rider. Since 1710 (a decade earlier than Peter I was proclaimed emperor (1721), and Russia - an empire), imperial crowns appeared above the eagle. In the first quarter of the 18th century, the double-headed eagle was black. By decree of Empress Catherine I of March 11, 1726, the description of the coat of arms was fixed: “A black eagle with outstretched wings, in a yellow field, on it is a rider in a red field.” In the first half of the 19th century, the images of the double-headed eagle were varied: one and three crowns; in the paws - the traditional scepter, orb, plus a wreath, lightning bolts, a torch. The wings of an eagle are sometimes raised, sometimes lowered or straightened.
In 1855-1857, during the heraldic reform under Baron B. Ken, the state eagle was changed according to German models. Saint George on the chest of the eagle began to look to the left. July 24, 1882 Emperor Alexander III in Peterhof approved the drawing of the Great Coat of Arms Russian Empire, on which the composition was preserved, but the details were changed - the figures of the archangels, and the imperial crowns began to depict diamond crowns for coronations. The final drawing of the Great Emblem of the Empire was approved on November 3, 1882.
After the February Revolution of 1917, the Provisional Government returned to the state emblem of the times of Ivan III. This image continued to be used after October revolution before the adoption of the new Soviet coat of arms on July 24, 1918. With the adoption of the new Constitution on July 10, 1918, the double-headed eagle was replaced by a red shield, which depicted a crossed hammer and sickle and rising Sun as a sign of change. Since 1920, the name of the state - the RSFSR - appeared on the top of the shield, and the shield was bordered by wheat ears, fixed with a red ribbon with the inscription "Proletarians of all countries, unite." Later, this image of the coat of arms was approved in the Constitution of the RSFSR.
The approval of the white-blue-red flag and the coat of arms - a golden double-headed eagle on a red field - took place in 1993. On December 8, 2000, the Federal Constitutional Law "On the State Emblem" was adopted Russian Federation". The golden double-headed eagle on a red field preserves the historical continuity in the colors of the coats of arms of the late 15th-17th centuries. Three historical crowns of Peter the Great are depicted above the heads of the eagle, symbolizing in the new conditions the sovereignty of both the entire Russian Federation and its parts, subjects of the Federation; in the paws - a scepter and orb, personifying state power and single state; on the chest is an image of a rider slaying a dragon with a spear. This is one of the ancient symbols of the struggle between good and evil, light and darkness, the defense of the Fatherland.
Now let's talk about the flag. In 1668, the first Russian warship Orel was launched, on which the first flag was hoisted on the model of the flag of the Netherlands. The color of each stripe has its own semantic meaning. White color means freedom, blue - the Mother of God, who has long patronized Russia, red - sovereignty. According to another version, White color meant nobility, blue - honesty, and red - courage and generosity inherent in the Russian people. Under Peter I, the tricolor is raised on all ships Russian fleet. On January 20, 1705, Peter I issued a decree according to which a white-blue-red flag should be hoisted on all merchant ships. At the beginning Northern war v land army and in the navy (1703-1712) the St. Andrew's flag with a blue cross was established. Almost every sovereign in Russia made changes to the design of the flag. The last Russian Emperor Nicholas II in 1896 finally secured the status of the unified state flag of the Russian Empire for the white-blue-red flag.
The first flag of the Soviet power was a rectangular red panel without inscriptions and emblems. On April 13, 1918, the red banner with the inscription "Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic" became the official flag of the RSFSR. In 1924, the red flag with a gold hammer and sickle and a red star in a gold frame became the official flag of the USSR. In 1954 it was installed the new kind flag of the RSFSR: a red rectangular panel with a light blue stripe at the pole in the entire width of the flag.
On August 22, 1991, a new flag flew over the White House.
In the complex of identification marks used by states, the anthem occupies a special place. Before Peter I, church hymns were performed at celebrations. V late XVIII v. An anthem was created - the march “Thunder of victory, resound!”, Which exalted the numerous victories of the Russian army and Russian weapons. The authors of this march were the poet G.R. Derzhavin and composer O.A. Kozlovsky. The first official national anthem of Russia was performed in 1813 after the victory over Napoleon. It was "Song to the Russian Tsar" to the melody of the English anthem "God Save the King!". In 1815, a new text of the song appeared under the title "Prayer of the Russians" (author - poet V.A. Zhukovsky). In February 1917, the monarchist anthem was replaced by the Marseillaise (authors - poet P.L. Lavrov and composer A.K. Glazunov). In January 1918, at the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets, delegates stood listening to the republic's new anthem, the Internationale. From 1918 it was the anthem of the RSFSR, and then the USSR until 1944. On January 1, 1944, the new national anthem of the USSR was played (authors - poet S.V. Mikhalkov and journalist G.A. El-Registan, composer A.V. Aleksandrov). From the second half of the 1950s, the USSR anthem sounded without text. In 1977, the text of the anthem was amended.
With the collapse of the USSR, the National Anthem of Russia for 10 years (1991-2001) was "Patriotic Song" by M.I. Glinka, written in 1834. The modern National Anthem of Russia was approved by the Decree of the President of Russia V.V. Putin December 30, 2000. Russian people I heard it for the first time on the night of January 1, 2001. Russia entered the new century with a new anthem. The author of the words of the anthem S.V. Mikhalkov. He was also the author of the State Anthem of the USSR. The words of the anthem reflect the power and greatness of our Motherland, its vast expanses, rich story. The easily remembered words of the anthem with beautiful and solemn music unite people of all nationalities, give rise to a feeling of pride in their homeland in the heart of every Russian. Our anthem is known all over the world and forms a single whole with the coat of arms and the flag of Russia.
L. Kotova
The symbol of any state expresses the sovereignty of the country, the unity of the people. It not only acts as a source of national pride, but also has practical value. The symbol of the state is placed on banknotes, coins, forms, seals and in other places where necessary.
World practice
In every country in one or the other historical period the question of state symbols inevitably arose. The insignia of countries should represent sovereignty, regardless of the change of dynasties and governments. In states where the monarchical form of government has been preserved, the symbols have not changed since ancient times. Such countries, for example, include Spain, Denmark, Luxembourg, Great Britain. A number of republics do the same: Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, and so on. However, there are also countries in which monarchical symbols are not used in principle. So, for example, in Italy, France, it was replaced by a new, more modern one.
Names of symbols of the state
In the Russian Federation, there are three main signs:
- Coat of arms.
- Hymn.
- Flag.
The symbol of the state must have an official status. This means that it must be not only publicly known, but also approved at the government level. For example, what is not a symbol of the state at the official level? Everyone knows the Volga River. It can act as a symbol of the state, but at the national level. Or, for example, the Kremlin. His image can be found quite often, but it is not used on official documents, international treaties. The same applies to other countries. So, for example, on the coins of France, a female figure is depicted, personifying the state. Another traditional sign of this country is the Gallic rooster. The clover leaf is a famous symbol of Ireland. The Eiffel Tower, the Colosseum, the Tower Bridge, the Congress building in America are also considered national signs. 
Symbol of the formation of a unified Moscow state
After separation Kievan Rus formed a conglomerate of independent principalities. They did not have their own symbols. Nevertheless, the princes used a certain set of images on coins and seals. These signs were designed to exalt their power and authority. Most often these were images of animals: lions, griffins, eagles, and so on. Church symbols were also quite common at that time. Often one could meet images of Christ, various saints, the Mother of God, the cross.
From the end of the 15th century, the active formation of a unified centralized state. In this regard, it became necessary to create a new symbol. First of all, he was supposed to reflect the unity of the country, as well as to personify the power of the great Moscow prince, who from 1547 was called the king. Such a sign at that distant time was the double-headed eagle. It was first used in 1497 and was present on the seal of Ivan the Third. After the reforms of Peter, who first proclaimed himself emperor, other symbols of the Muscovite state appeared. The appearance of the eagle, as well as its color, has been somewhat changed. Subsequently, it was periodically refined. Peter introduced the naval and commercial flags for the first time. They existed until the Revolution of 1917. Before the arrival of the Bolsheviks, the country's coat of arms, the double-headed eagle, also survived.
The Bolsheviks who came to power tried with all their might to emphasize the break with the past, with all the attributes of a monarchical system. This also applies to heraldry. In this regard, in the USSR, not a single symbol of the state had any connection with previous signs. The emblems of labor became distinctive signs: ears of corn, a hammer and a sickle. The flag of the state became red, it depicted a five-pointed star, personifying the victory of communism on all five continents. After the collapse of the Union, the question of the distinctive signs of the country again arose. As a result, the former symbols of the state of Russia returned - a white-blue-red banner and a coat of arms depicting an eagle. The latter only changed colors.
Coat of arms
All symbols of the state of Russia have a certain meaning. This also applies to the coat of arms of the country. First of all, it should be said that this identification mark is compiled in accordance with certain heraldic rules. This symbol of the state is a combination of shapes and colors. The coat of arms performs the function of identifying the country with the help of visual means. Simply put, this symbol of the state has the same purpose as the name. Only the latter is a speech form, and the coat of arms is a pictorial one. 
The legislative framework
The main normative document in the Russian Federation is the Constitution. It establishes that there are certain symbols of the Russian state. Among them, in particular, is the coat of arms. The law establishes the rules for the use of this symbol. In pursuance of the norms that are provided for in the constitutional provision on the coat of arms of the country, various legal acts - Federal regulations, Orders and Decrees of the President, decrees of federal bodies regulate and clarify various issues on the use of the coat of arms of the state and its protection. Modern legislation on this symbol has existed since 1993. During the entire period of its existence, it is constantly supplemented and improved.
Banner
The state flag is a material sign. It looks like a piece of cloth or other material that can flutter in the wind. The flag has a certain shape and color. In the Russian Federation, a combination of three colors is used - white, blue and red. They are shown as horizontal stripes. hallmark flag is that it is intended for use in open space and must be recognized at a considerable distance. 
History reference
After the elections of people's deputies were held in March 1990, the Democratic Russia movement formed the Commission. She drafted proposals for constitutional amendments and a Declaration of Sovereignty. Among the proposed adjustments was the change of the national flag. In the new edition of Art. 181 it was assumed that it would be a three-color panel with horizontal stripes of the same width: scarlet - lower, blue - middle, white - upper. However, these amendments were not adopted at the Congress. By a majority vote, the deputies decided to remove the new flags installed on the tables of some people's deputies. In the press at that time they were called "royal symbols".
In November 1990, the Council of Ministers of the Russian Federation adopted a resolution on the organization of work on the formation of new symbols of the country. This task was entrusted to the Committee on Archival Affairs. Based on the results of consideration of proposals, it was recommended to restore the tricolor flag. It was decided, however, to postpone the submission of bills to the Supreme Court until the end of the presidential election campaign. Accordingly, during July and August 1991, a proposed description of the flag of Russia - a white-blue-red flag - was included in the draft of the new Constitution.
Regulatory framework
The main legislative acts on the state flag of the Russian Federation are the Constitution and the Federal Law. They approve it and establish the order of its use. As in the case of the coat of arms, the legislation has existed since 1991, supplemented and improved throughout the entire period. 
Hymn
It is the musical symbol of the state. Melody and words are inextricably linked with the socio-political system of the country. It is intended to be identified by musical means. In the system of symbols of the country, the anthem occupies a special place. It is considered the most accessible to the public and the most understandable sign. It is not always possible to use the emblem or flag, the name of the country sounds on different languages differently. The anthem is always in the memory of a person, he knows and remembers the melody and words. If it is necessary to demonstrate nationality, a citizen can do this by singing the anthem of his country. 
Legislation
The main regulatory documents that regulate the use and protection of the anthem are the provisions of the Constitution and the relevant Federal Law. Various legal acts, including Decrees and Orders of the President, Government Decrees and other regulations, clarify and regulate all issues related to the anthem, as well as its protection.
The state emblem is a distinctive sign, inherited, one of the symbols of statehood, reflecting the historical and philosophical essence of any state.
According to the Constitution of Ukraine, “The Great State Emblem of Ukraine is established taking into account the small State Emblem of Ukraine and the coat of arms of the Zaporizhzhya Host ... The main element of the large State Emblem of Ukraine is the Sign of the Princely State of Volodymyr the Great (the small State Emblem of Ukraine).”
Let me tell you a little secret: today Ukraine does not have a state emblem, there is only a small coat of arms - a trident on a blue shield of golden color. At the same time, it is pathetically stated that this is the "Sign of the Princely State of Vladimir the Great." The authors of this statement refer to the sign of the state, which, and even with such a name, never existed. Also, there is still no large coat of arms, there is only a bill on this coat of arms, which has not been considered by the Parliament of Ukraine.
So, the main symbol of the state so far is the trident, the history of which is shrouded in fog. Where it came from and what this symbol means, no one knows for sure. There are more than thirty Ukrainian versions of its origin. This is completely abnormal, the symbol of the state is a sign, the meaning of which is not exactly known to anyone, even to those who accepted it.
There are several versions of its origin. According to one, Prince Vladimir allegedly used it as a personal heraldic sign on seals and coins. At the same time, the trident was exclusively his personal symbol, which had nothing to do with the generic heraldic signs of the Rurikovichs. In addition to the trident, various ancient Russian princes also used the now forgotten “two-tooth” and a lot of other sovereign symbols, reminiscent of cattle stamps. The trident has never been the state emblem of Russia either.
Rather, it is just a distinctive princely symbol, a personal sign of the prince, with which he marked everything that belonged to him, from his coins to cattle, bricks and slaves. That is, it was a purely economic sign of property that had nothing to do with heraldry. That is why each prince had his own personal trident or bident.
There are many assumptions about what exactly this sign depicts: a banner, an anchor, a chandelier, an ax, a diving falcon (as on the coat of arms of the ancient Russian city of Ladoga). Whatever they tried to see in the princely brand! We do not know what the Rurikovichs were thinking about, branding their cattle. But they certainly did not even in a nightmare imagine that this brand could become a symbol of the Ukrainian state through the centuries.
Interestingly, this symbol different options used only by the closest successors of Prince Vladimir: Svyatopolk the Accursed and Yaroslav the Wise. Subsequently, the Rurikoviches and Russian tsars never used the trident as the coat of arms of Russia.
In this regard, it is amusing to watch the Ukrainian “state-creators”, who fanned the trident with romantic legends, even read the word “will” in it and reverently worship it as an ancient symbol of Ukrainian statehood.
The trident also refers us to the myth of Neptune, the ancient god of the sea, whose dark energy is aimed at destruction. As an attribute of Neptune, this dangerous and cruel god, the trident symbolizes the element beyond human control.
Since Christian times, the trident has often been mentioned as one of the symbols of the spiritual power of the prince of darkness. Satan is often depicted with a trident in his hand. Yes, and the notorious devils are depicted with a pitchfork, and it is with three teeth.
According to another version, the princely trident really looks like the pommel of the scepter of the emperors of Byzantium. And by the presence of a Christian cross on the trident of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, one can assume his connection with the Byzantine emperors.
What was the top of the scepter Byzantine emperors? Only general outlines are visible on the seals. Considering that the symbol ruling dynasty Paleologs and the state symbol of the Byzantine Empire was an eagle, then it was he who should have sat on the imperial scepter.
That is, the top of the scepter, then copied by the Russian princes, was a simplified image of a two-headed eagle - a symbol of the Christian unity of East and West. Thus, it can be assumed that, ironically, the small coat of arms of Ukraine is a stylized imperial eagle, which has now flown onto the coat of arms of Russia.
According to the most convincing third version, confirmed by facts, the earliest image of a trident appeared on coins Kiev prince Vladimir at the end of the 10th century. In 985, Prince Vladimir took possession of Khazaria, and the Khazar state ceased to exist.
Due to the fact that until the 10th century coins were not minted in Russia, the first coins of Vladimir were an imitation of the Khazar tamga that was circulating at that time on the merchant market, especially since this emphasized the victory over the kaganate. As can be seen from the drawings, the image of the trident on the coins is a direct copy of the Khazar tamga, which was widely used in the Khazar Khaganate.
As Christianity strengthened, the victory over Khazaria became history, and tamga-like signs disappear from use on the coins of Russia. On the front side of the subsequent coins, the prince was depicted sitting on the throne, and on the reverse side, Jesus Christ was depicted, as on the Byzantine solidi. That is, the appearance of the image of the trident-tamga was of a temporary nature.
Therefore, to use as the state emblem of Ukraine the image of the tamga of the Jewish deceased in the darkness of centuries Khazar Khaganate, moreover, with an undetermined semantic meaning, is not only a manifestation of low historical literacy, but a sign of the state’s lack of historical events and traditions that could be used as material for a coat of arms.
Now about what is not there - about the large coat of arms, the draft of which has not yet been adopted by the Parliament of Ukraine. It is made in the "heraldic" style of African states that have recently gained independence, and is more like the emblem of some commercial company than the state emblem. This is a complete departure from elementary aesthetic norms, lack of taste, style and sense of proportion, with simultaneous aggressive vulgarization and primitivization of everything and everyone.
First of all, the symbolic and semantic incompatibility of details is striking. Everything that someone considered purely Ukrainian was shoved into it. And this is no coincidence.
European heraldry is directly related to the aristocratic past, chivalry, nobility and is limited by clear symbolic and semantic rules, when each detail has its own clear meaning and is in its specific place.
Countries that are deprived of a noble, aristocratic past do not need to comply with the laws of heraldry. They simply place symbols on their coats of arms Everyday life of his people. Though the Kalashnikov assault rifle. There is a completely different, non-European logic. That is why the project of the large coat of arms of Ukraine is purely “folk”, similar to a souvenir tray with popular knick-knacks.
The design of the coat of arms depicts a lion symbolizing Galicia-Volyn principality, and the Cossack of the Zaporizhzhya army, which seem to personify the unity of Western and Eastern Ukraine. In what way can unity be manifested between a wild beast and a peasant with a gun? This is obvious - the desire for mutual destruction. It is unlikely that it will be possible to show relations between the whole of Ukraine and Galicia more precisely on a symbolic level.
In addition, the lion on the design of the coat of arms is a slightly modified lion from the emblem of Lviv and the 14th SS division "Galicia". On the head of the SS youngster they simply put on the golden crown of the kingdom of Galicia, which was once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It turned out a wonderful symbol of Western Ukraine - an SS lion with an Austrian crown on its head.
And the power-creation of Eastern Ukraine is symbolized by a Cossack. And this despite the fact that the Cossacks have always carried in themselves an uncontrollable, anarchic element that denies any statehood! In the Cossacks through the Wild Field, to the Zaporizhzhya Sich, they fled for freedom, and not for freedom. For will!
So the project of a large coat of arms turned out to be very symbolic, besides, a lion and a peasant trample wheat and viburnum into the ground - the generosity and wealth of the land, as if emphasizing the destructive power of this state.
The trident has been completely forgotten since the 14th century for more than five hundred years. On the territory of present-day Ukraine, at the suggestion of the representatives of Galicia, they tried to revive the trident in the symbols of the Ukrainian People's Republic, the hetmanate of Skoropadsky and the Petlyura directory. Apart from the decline civil war and another ruin, it did not bring anything worthwhile. What is symbolic is that all these alleged republics existed solely at the expense of foreign bayonets. Germans, Poles, it doesn't matter. The main condition is the presence of a foreign army on the territory declared by another Ukraine.
During the Great Patriotic War, Galician collaborators from the OUN-UPA destroyed their compatriots under this symbol. And again, only after the appearance on our land of foreign, this time Hitler's, boots. Vladimir Simonenko wrote well about them:
“It’s not for nothing that people called you dogs,
Bo you licked posts for them.
Orals Hail hoarse Basams,
That “Shche ne vmerla!” revly voice.
From Galicia, he came in 1991 to the separatist parliament of Ukraine and was imposed as a state symbol.
The symbolism of Ukrainian statehood is as absurd as its actual reality. From this symbolism, it is easy to see its near bleak future and depressing prospects.
Having unbiasedly compared the coat of arms of the Ukrainian SSR with the small coat of arms and the project of the large coat of arms of Ukraine, we will see a striking difference. As far as the first speaks of the loftiness of the aspirations of its creators, so the second speaks of the wretchedness, provincialism and unviability of the state with such symbols. This, in turn, points to the artificiality of the very idea of Ukrainian statehood, giving it a touch of doom and unviability.
To be continued...
Yuri Apukhtin.
Target :
.
Tasks:
Download:
Preview:
to the Day of National Unity in 2B class
Teacher: T.I. Malneva
Relevance : Civil-patriotic education today is one of the most important links in the system of educational work. It is very important to start instilling in a child love for the Motherland, country, and people from early childhood.
Work description : The material is intended for conducting a class hour in primary school; application in educational work.
Target : Education of a humane, spiritual and moral personality, worthy future citizens of Russia, patriots of their Fatherland.
Tasks: Contribute to the formation of the right attitude of children to their country. To cultivate respect for the cultural past of Russia. To consolidate in children knowledge of the state symbols of the country.
Event progress:
SLIDE 1
Teacher:
- Guys, on November 4, all of Russia celebrates the Day of National Unity.
What do you know about this day? Maybe you heard from adults, or watched on TV, or read on the Internet? (children's answers)
SLIDE 2
Teacher: This holiday is quite young, but not newly invented, but a restored holiday. He has very ancient history. I want to tell you.
It all started 400 years ago, in the 17th century. Then a terrible time began in Russia, which was called the Time of Troubles (everything was mixed up, nothing could be understood). There was no king in the country, the laws were not respected. Traitors-boyars (noble rich people) took advantage of this. They wanted to become even richer by selling their homeland to enemies (Poles). The Poles wanted to seize our country, make it part of their state.
At that time, the merchant Minin lived in Nizhny Novgorod. He was an honest and respectable man, and the people chose him as the mayor of the city. Minin urged the people to "stand for the faith, for the Fatherland." Inhabitants Nizhny Novgorod began to gather together and decide where to get people and means to fight the enemies. On the advice of Minin, people began to give "third money", i.e. a third of the property, for equipping the troops. On his own advice, Prince Dmitry Pozharsky was chosen as the leader of the troops.
SLIDE 3
Soon other cities joined the Novgorodians. The whole Russian land stood up against the invaders and traitors, and in October 1612. Moscow was cleared of the Poles. The people restored state power, elected a king and handed power over to him.
SLIDE 4
Teacher: In Moscow, on Red Square, in honor of the victory over the Poles, a bronze monument to Minin and Pozharsky was erected so that people would not forget and honor the heroes of their country.
SLIDE 5
Teacher: It is in honor of this event that the Day of National Unity is celebrated.
400 years have passed, during this time many times different countries they tried to seize Russia, but they did not succeed, all the people stood up to defend their country.
Our country is multinational, more than 180 nationalities live in Russia and each has its own customs, fairy tales and songs. But we all have one big, united Motherland Russia!
SLIDE 6
Teacher: Let's remember what we already know about our Motherland, about the symbolism of Russia. Our country is called …….Russia, the Russian Federation.
How is one country different from another? …..They differ in the language spoken by the people, their symbols, history, customs, traditions, geographical location.
What are the symbols of the country? ..... these are distinctive signs with which you can understand belonging to the country.
What are the main symbols of our country ...... (coat of arms, flag, anthem).
Coat of arms - this is the emblem of the state, it is depicted on seals, passports, banknotes, documents. Our Russian emblem depicts a double-headed golden eagle against the background of the Russian flag. The eagle is a symbol of the sun, heavenly power, fire and immortality. This is a very ancient coat of arms. It appeared 500 years ago.
Russian flag - This is a tricolor cloth with white, blue and red stripes.
What does the white, blue, red colors of the Russian flag symbolize? There are different versions.
Version 1 is the unity of the sea, earth and sky.
Version 2 is a community of three Slavic peoples.
3rd version - white - faith, purity; blue - the sky, nobility, fidelity; red - heroism, courage, courage.
Version 4 - white is faith, blue is hope, and red is love.
Anthem of the Russian Federationis a symbol of our state. And who is the author of words and music?
The music of the anthem was invented by the composer Aleksandrov, and the words by the poet Sergei Mikhalkov.
And Sergey Mikhalkov wrote a lot of poems for children, you know them well (children remember the works of S.V. Mikhalkov: “Uncle Styopa”, “And you?”, “Foma”, “My friend and I”, etc.) .
People have long loved proud and bold songs. Already the ancient peoples had solemn chants. They were famous for their beauty native land, her wealth, the exploits of heroes.
When is the anthem played? ..... (When meeting distinguished guests, at solemn meetings, in honor of athletes - winners in competitions).
You already know the words of the national anthem. We fulfill it ... .. (answers)
SLIDE 7
Teacher: Each country has, in addition to symbols and main city- the capital of the state. Name the capital of Russia (Moscow).
Conclusion and reflection:
Guys, today we talked about the Day of National Unity, about our Motherland - Russia, about the state symbols of the Russian state. I hope that you will always love, be proud of our Motherland and when you grow up, glorify it with your deeds. Russia will always be proud of you.
On Unity Day we will be near,
Let's be together forever
All nationalities of Russia
In distant villages, cities!
Live, work, build together,
Sow bread, raise children,
Create, love and argue,
Keep the peace of the people
Honor the ancestors, remember their deeds,
Avoid wars and conflicts
To fill life with happiness
To sleep under a peaceful sky!
(Natalya Maidanik)
SLIDE 8
Creative work (agitation leaflet "As long as we are united, we are invincible")
Preview:
To use the preview, create an account for yourself ( account) Google and sign in:
Plan.
1. Information Bulletin.
2. What is the symbolism of the state.
3.State Flag and Emblem of the DPR.
During the classes.
1. Information bulletin. Overview of events that took place in the world and the DNR for the week.
2. What are state symbols
State symbols are the honor and dignity of each state. The Donetsk People's Republic stands at the origins of its statehood, and therefore it is very important to know and respect its symbols, among which the flag occupies a special place. Flag Day is rightfully considered a holiday that unites many people into a single society, reminding them of important and permanent values, among which statehood and patriotism of the population are eternal. (the diagram is drawn in a notebook)
Do you remember what a coat of arms is?
What is the name of the science that studies coats of arms?
Heraldry - the discipline that studies coats of arms as historical sources.
Coat of arms - a distinctive sign of the state, city or clan, which is depicted on flags, coins, seals. (write in notebook)
3. State flag and coat of arms of the DPR.
The Donetsk People's Republic was proclaimed on April 7, 2014 in the city of Donetsk, which became its capital. On May 11, 2014, a referendum on the self-determination of the DPR was held. "FOR" voted 89.07%, "AGAINST" - 10.19% and 0.74% of the ballots were spoiled.
On May 12, 2014, on the basis of the declaration of independence, the sovereignty of the Donetsk People's Republic was proclaimed. (The dates are written in a notebook)
The state symbols of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR) are regulated by the constitution and current legislation.
On June 1, 2014, the Supreme Council of the DPR approved the flag as the official symbol of the Donetsk People's Republic. 
· What do you think the colors of our Flag symbolize?
The black color symbolizes the coal of Donbass, blue - the spirit of the people and the waters of the Sea of Azov, red - the blood shed for our freedom. On October 19, 2014, the flag of the DPR was unfurled on the central square of Donetsk, sewn by citizens of the Republic and presented to the public.
"Three Symbols Against the Background of History".
According to one version of historians, the black-blue-red flag appeared after the October Revolution of 1917 and became a symbol of the Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic. And now for the inhabitants of modern Donbass it is a symbol of new life.
· Do you remember when the Donetsk-Kryvyi Rih Republic was formed?
"The flag is a symbol of the Motherland, its pride and honor!".
The celebration of the Flag Day contributes to the unity of the people, the education of patriotism and respect for the symbols of statehood. The flag is the main symbol that unites all citizens of our Republic.
The coat of arms of the Donetsk People's Republic is a silver double-headed eagle with spread wings raised up.
On the chest of the eagle - in a scarlet shield, the Holy Archangel Michael in silver robes and weapons and black drag (mantle), with an azure sword and a silver shield with gold edges with a gold cross.
4. Coats of arms of the cities of the DPR. (practical work).
The coat of arms of Donetsk was approved by the decision of the 6th session of the Donetsk City Council. Minutes No. 6/10 dated July 05, 1995.
Description of the coat of arms
In the shield crossed with azure and black colors, a golden brush of the right hand emerging from the lower edge, holding a hammer of the same metal and accompanied in the upper left corner by an ash five-pointed star.
External decorations
The shield is decorated with a golden crown with five turrets, on which the numbers "1869" are inscribed - the year the city was founded.
Shield holders: on the right - a miner in working clothes, leaning on a jackhammer with his left hand, his right hand is laid aside; on the left - a soldier in a military overcoat with a helmet on his head, holding a sword with the point down in his right hand, his left hand raised up. Both figures are silver. From below, the shield is framed by two golden branches of a rose laid crosswise, between which the name of the city is inscribed in golden letters on a red moire ribbon. The figure of a miner is located against the background of a golden laurel branch, the figure of a soldier is against the background of an oak branch. The whole composition is entwined with a black and blue ribbon.
Symbolism of the coat of arms
The working hand, firmly holding the hammer raised high, characterizes the city as one of the largest industrial centers of the country. The upper field of the azure shield symbolizes the grandeur and beauty of the architectural and vegetative appearance of the city. The lower field of black color speaks of rich natural resources and intensive development coal. The golden five-pointed star symbolizes respect for the wealth created by nature and the labor of the people, power, justice and faith in a better future.
 The emblem of the city of Yasinovataya was approved on August 6, 1997 by the decision of the city council of people's deputies. Authors - A.P. Presnyakov, S.E. Svistunov. The coat of arms of the city of Yasinovataya is placed on a rectangular, pointed silver shield at the bottom. In the central part of the shield there is the main "talking" element of the coat of arms - the green contour of an ash tree - a toponymic symbol of the area, from which the name Yasinovataya could have been formed. The plane of the shield is divided into two main color fields, forming heraldic figures: a blue “head” and a yellow “foot”. A green ring is superimposed on the upper and lower color fields, framing the central element of the coat of arms - the outline of a tree. From the ring to the upper right and upper left corners, then up, left and right, green rays diverge. From the central circle with ash to the lower right and left corners, zigzag blue rays extend, which break the yellow “foot” of the coat of arms, forming a large field in the lower central part of the shield, on which is depicted an old Russian silver boat with a assembled sail, placed on drag logs. The silver color of the shield symbolizes metal - the main component economic activity in the city from its inception to the present day. The green tree in the center of the shield points to one of the local sights - the Yasinovatsky forest, an oak forest and parks - and symbolizes the environmental cleanliness of the city, relative to the central Donbass. "Head" and "foot" reflect the state colors of Ukraine: a clear sky over a yellow grain field. Big square yellow field"grain field" indicates that the city is also administrative center large agricultural region. United together a green ring (a symbol of perpetual motion) and rays - a kind of pointer to the cardinal points, as a symbol of wanderings and roads, create an artistic image of a "transport hub", a crossroads, which Yasinovataya has been from the day it was founded to the present. Graphically, the ring with rays, as an image of a metal structure, is associated with symbols of mechanical engineering, thereby indicating the presence of a large plant in this industry in the city. Zigzag blue rays symbolize the Kalmius, Krivoy Torets and Volchya rivers, the sources of which are located near the city. The silver boat, placed on drag logs, illustrates a noteworthy and symbolic for Yasinovataya historical fact, due to the fact that the Kalmius River was part of the system of ancient Russian communications, and one of the main links in the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks was the Kalmius route, which through the Krivoy and Kazenny Torets, as well as the Seversky Donets, provided communication to Tula. Kalmius is also superimposed on the “salty path to the thresholds”. From Perekop, along the coast of the Sea of Azov, the traveler walked to the mouth of the river, then along Kalmius to its upper reaches. Then he dragged seven miles to the Volchya River, which flows into Samara. And from it it was possible to get to the Dnieper. It is on this watershed, on the former portage field, that the city of Yasinovataya is located. Practical work“Studying the coats of arms of the cities of the DPR” · Look carefully at the coats of arms. What is depicted on the coat of arms? What can the symbolism of the coat of arms mean? Can we count coats of arms historical sources what can they tell us? 5. Reflection. 6.Homework. (one of the proposed ones) Prepare a story about the coat of arms of one of the cities of the DPR. Make a picture and a short description. · Make the coat of arms of the class (streets, houses, families). Make a picture and a short description. |
