Project on the theme "mysterious fog". Fog
Research topic: "Fog" 1st grade student Daria Sergeevna Mavritseva Supervisor: Petoshina O.S. MOU "Average comprehensive school#4 with in-depth study objects of the artistic and aesthetic cycle "Murom district of the Vladimir region
Know what is fog? Explain the causes different types fog. Conduct a practical study: the formation of fog at home.
Worked with reference literature; Turned to Internet resources; Conducted experiments on the creation of fog at home.
This is an atmospheric phenomenon that makes the air less transparent, cloudy, and objects become hard to see. In other words, it is a cloud at the surface of the earth. Fog is the accumulation in the surface layer of the atmosphere of the smallest drops of water or ice crystals suspended in the air, which are formed as a result of: - condensation of water vapor when the air cools below the dew point (cooling fogs); or - Evaporation from a warmer evaporating surface into cold air over bodies of water and wet land areas (evaporative fogs).
S. Yesenin: The fields are compressed, the groves are bare, Fog and dampness from the water ... A spicy wind. Dawns go out. Fog creeps over the grass. A.S. Pushkin: "The light of the day went out, On the blue evening fog fell."
First example. The cooled morning air adjacent to the water has more low temperature than water. Therefore, from the warm water surface, cold air evaporates an additional amount of steam. The result is an evaporation mist.
Second example. Here, additional vapor is evaporated into relatively cold air (which is above the surface of the ice) from a relatively warm surface, which in this case is the surface of open water. As in the previous example, we are dealing here with evaporative fog.
Third example. Warm air, heated in winter over river water, is enriched with moisture, and then cools over a snow-covered shore or over sea water. In both cases, a cooling mist occurs.
Fourth example. Warm layers of air, enriched with moisture, rise up and are strongly cooled. A cooling fog develops, which then descends down the mountainside back to the sea.
Fifth example. Due to the transfer of heat from the heated layer of near-surface air to the rapidly cooling ground, the air cools and a typical cooling fog occurs.
I'll need: Empty decanter with a narrow neck Hot water A few drops of alcohol Ice cubes Pipette
To make fog, I first filled the decanter by a third hot water. Dropped a few drops of alcohol into the decanter with a pipette. She took an ice cube and held it over the neck of the decanter. A mist formed in the decanter.
Fog appears when cold air and warm ground collide. As a result of such a collision, the water that evaporates on contact with the warm earth rises again into the cold air, slows down and condenses. Fog comes in several forms. Learned how to create fog at home
MBOU "SOSH № 6 With in-depth study individual items"
G. Reutov
Research Work on the topic:
"Mysterious Fog"
student 2 "D" class
Khapilov Artem
Olegovych
Supervisor:
teacher primary
classes MBOU "SOSH
№ 6 With in-depth
study individual
items"
Ivantsova Ludmila
Alexandrovna
Reutov 2013
1. Introduction
2. Hypothesis
3.Research activity
3.1.About fog With scientific points vision
3.2 Fog around US
3.3 Influence fog on the surrounding peace: a life alive organisms and
human
3.4. Carrying out experimental research work
4.Conclusions
5. Literature
Environment US nature and her phenomena in all time people were interested. to me too very interesting observe per topics what I am see around you. Natural phenomena – one from most mysterious of things on the our planet.
The main goal of my work – discover O nature fog.
To achieve this goal, you need to do the following
tasks:
discover O reasons occurrence fog;
practical through make sure v correctness theoretical
arguments education fog,
install, which influence fog renders on the a life alive
organisms and person.
I AM I guess what:
- insofar as fog – it phenomenon nature, then he maybe be one
from states water, so how snow or rain;
- fog formed due to difference temperature.
I AM decided spend study on this problem: make sure practical through v reasons origin fog and discover O his influence on the surrounding peace.
Water v nature happens v three states: hard, liquid and
gaseous.
At this water constantly passes from one states v other, forming
circulation water v nature.
Despite on the enough exact image circulation water v nature,
on the this figure missing one not required, but component
element process evaporation. AND element this called fog.
By data "Small academic dictionary", fog – it accumulation
small water droplets or icy crystals v surface layers
atmosphere, making air opaque.
By information, received me from articles v "Encyclopedia Brockhaus and
Efron", main cause of fog – evaporation water With warm
surfaces sushi or reservoirs v cold air.
Observe fog can v different conditions:
In conditions
In modern
use
Cloud, rising above kettle With boiling water, too can name
mist, So how consists it from smallest droplets water.
V winter time of the year can observe fog iso mouth. Warm air,
outgoing iso mouth, on the frost turns v smallest droplets water,
generators cloud. Such same process can observe v frosty
day, if Houses open window. By this same reason from exhaust pipes
car come out whole foggy clouds.
Having studied nature education fog, people have learned reproduce
fog v artificial conditions, and found this worthy application.
Scientists invented whole generators, allowing reproduce the effect
fog. On the today's day Technics, With help which receive
artificial fog, very popular. Especially at organizations
concert activities and filming cinema.
Systems fogging apply also for cooling and
moisturizing environmental environments v roast time of the year.
More artificial fog use v quality decorations.
Fog maybe bring benefit and v domestic conditions.
For instance, humidifier air or
medical inhaler
Despite on the all useful properties fog, received artificial
by, beauty natural fog he hardly whether will replace. In time fog
cities become especially beautiful and mysterious. Many
photographers try capture these unforgettable moments.
Fog v London (Great Britain)
Fog v Switzerland
Fog v South African republic
Fog v Italy
Fog v Dubai (United Arabic Emirates)
Fog v New York (USA)
Fog in Vladivostok (Russia)
Fog v Reutov, Russia, autumn 2010, photographer Alexander Kuznetsov
Frequent and protracted mists may become cause decay
agricultural cultures and provoke development diseases
plants. Fight With these diseases very costly and laborious.
Tomato, infected late blight
Because of bad visibility in time fog close airports and are happening
accidents on the roads.
Fog dangerous not only for plants and drivers various transport. He
maybe apply harm anyone to a person. Especially people suffering allergies.
Dust and other harmful smallest particles delayed v mist, and Human
forced this breathe. At strong pollution air, especially summer, fog
maybe promote development smog, what negative way affects on the
health people.
Smog enveloped Moscow 2010 year
EXPERIENCE #1
To conduct an experiment proving the root cause
fog, you will need:
1.Glass vessel, enduring temperature boiling water;
2. Boiling water;
3.Capacity co ice, which maybe install on the glass vessel.
1. The glass vessel must be half filled with boiling water.
water.
On a glass vessel filled with boiling water,
set the mold with ice.
3. After a few seconds, you can see how steam,
coming from boiling water, turns into tiny droplets
water, i.e. FOG.
This is due to the collision of hot steam with ice
form surface.
So here how
appears
fog!!!
After the temperature of the water and the surrounding air becomes
approximately the same, the fog disappears, that is, it turns back into steam and
continues its path in the water cycle in nature.
EXPERIENCE #2
For the second experiment you will need:
transparent glass bottle;
hot water;
cube ice;
dark blue or black paper.
1. The bottle needs to be filled with hot water
2. After 3 minutes, you need to pour out the water, leaving a little at the bottom,
and put an ice cube on top of the bottle neck
Against the background of a sheet of dark paper, you can see the following. Where
hot air rising from the bottom comes into contact with cool air at
neck, a white cloud forms. The water vapor in the air
turns into tiny water droplets, that is, fog.
According to the results research work, I am
confirmed the hypothesis and experimentally established:
1. Fog is an one from states water.
2. Fog formed due to clashes pair With
cold air.
3.Steam turns v fog, a fog again v steam,
participating v circulation water v nature.
4.Effect fog maybe be useful v life
people.
5.Natural mists may cause
significant damage and call unfavorable consequences, but are
integral part nature.
1. Big book experiments for schoolchildren/Under ed. Antonella Meyani; Per. With it. E. AND.
Motyleva. – M.: Company "ROSMEN PRESS", 2010.
2. D. pyle, P. robson, Children's encyclopedia "Planet Land", Ltd "Publishing house "Eksmo", 2010.
3. Small academic dictionary Russian language (electronic version).
4. Moskvin A. G., Losev TO. WITH., Big encyclopedia nature "Water and air", "Peace books", 2004.
5. My first scientific experiments, "Publishing group "CONTENT", Slovakia, 2003.
6. Ambient peace. 2 Class. Proc. For general educational institutions/ A. A. Pleshakov. – M.:
Education, 2012.
7. School etymological dictionary Russian language. Origin words/ N. M. Shansky,
T. A. Bobrov. – 7th ed., stereotype. – M.: Bustard, 2004.
8. Encyclopedia Brockhaus and Efron (electronic version).
Other sources:
1. cognitive materials about surrounding world "Peace nature", Ltd "New disk", 2008.
2. Video footage cognitive programs NEOKitchen, submitted TV channel Carousel,
3. http://en.wikipedia.org
4. www.rea.org.ua
5. www.delasuper.ru
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Secondary school No. 9" EMR of the Saratov region
Research
on the topic "Fog"
Made by Zhupikov Vladislav
2nd grade student "B" MBOU "Secondary School No. 9"
Curator Ivashchenko E.R.
Research work on the topic "Fog"
I like to read books very much. And my favorite fairy tale is “Hedgehog in the Fog” by Sergey Kozlov. The poor hedgehog got lost in the fog. Is it really possible to get lost and go astray in the fog?
At the lesson of the world around us, we studied the topic: “Phenomena of nature” and the teacher told us about the fog.
And some time later, Novosti reported that because of the fog in some cities of our country, flights were delayed and accidents occurred.
Therefore, I decided to figure out what fog is, where it came from, whether fog can be reproduced at home, how this natural phenomenon was reflected in literature and art and music.
The purpose of the study: To study the causes of fog. Tasks: 1. Find out how fog is formed. 2. Find out what types of fog exist. 3. Learn, study and identify safety measures when driving in fog. 4. Consider a natural phenomenon from the point of view of literature, artistic creativity and music. 5. Try to reproduce the fog at home. 6. Draw conclusions about the study.
How I did my research
Worked with reference literature;
Turned to Internet resources;
Conducted experiments on the creation of fog at home.
What is fog?
Fog is an atmospheric phenomenon, the accumulation of water in the air, when the smallest particles of water and ice crystals form, at temperatures below -15. (from Wikipedia)
Fog1 Opaque air saturated with water vapor or ice crystals. 2. A veil of dust (or smoke, steam, soot) that makes the air opaque3. About the state of ambiguity, confusion of thoughts, ideas. (Portable meaning) (Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary)
Fog- natural phenomenon when there is a lot of water vapor in the atmosphere. Basically, it arises from the contact of cold and warm air. Fogs occur at any time of the year, but most often they occur in late summer or autumn, when the air cools faster than the ground cools. As a result, cool air sinks to the ground or water, which still retains heat, condensation occurs, and many water droplets hang in the air. It turns out that a huge cloud hangs directly above the ground or a pond. In the place where the fog has formed, the air humidity is 100%.
Types of fog Fogs are different (natural and artificial)
Haze is the weakest form of fog.
Ground fog is fog that spreads over the ground or a body of water in a thin layer. This fog does not have much effect on visibility.
Translucent fog. Through such a fog, the sun and clouds are visible.
Solid fog, when a whitish cloud envelops the earth, through which it is impossible to see literally anything at arm's length. With such fog, traffic becomes impossible.
Smog is an artificial fog that consists of dust, smoke, exhaust gases, chemical substances, other combustion products. Smog is one of the most important problems of modern cities, as it causes irreparable harm to human health and pollutes the environment.
Safety precautions when driving in fog.
According to world statistics, of all accidents that occurred in the fog, about 77% were collisions with a car moving in front. At the same time, the following was found out: most drivers conscientiously tried to maintain a safe distance between cars, not realizing that to the human eye all objects in the fog appear to be approximately twice as far away as they really are. During such weather conditions, drivers should slow down, turn on sidelights or fog lights and try to do without overtaking, and most importantly - increase the intervals. However, many drivers and pedestrians do not perceive fog as a danger. Therefore, when driving in fog, all road users must be extremely careful on the road and strictly observe the Rules of the Road.
Research how fog is formed (practical work)
I will need:
1. Empty decanter with a narrow neck
2.Hot water
3. A few drops of alcohol
4.Ice cubes
5.Pipette
To make the mist, I first filled the carafe a third full with hot water.
Dropped a few drops of alcohol into the decanter with a pipette.
He took an ice cube and held it over the neck of the decanter. A mist formed in the decanter.
The poetic image of fog in the works of great poets
"Whitened the fog
birches
And whitened the daisies ... (G. Novitskaya)
"The light of day has gone out,
Fog fell on the blue evening sea ... ”(A.S. Pushkin)
"Fields are compressed, groves are bare,
Fog and damp from the water ...
Spicy wind. Dawns go out.
Fog creeps on the grass .... " (S. Yesenin)
"Forest - in your pocket,
Fields - in the pocket
hid
Grandfather Mist.
hid
Mop and haystacks
And lawns
And the meadows...
(A. Ekimtsev)
“There was a gray-haired old man fog,
He hid the river in his pocket!
Hid the garden
garden fence
and a large herd of cows,
Even the Pacific
put it in my pocket...!...”
(Ivan Demyanov)
The image of fog in music
Vladimir Markin - Lilac fog
Fog, fog (film "Chronicle of a dive bomber")
Sofia Rotaru - Fog
Dobrynin Vyacheslav - Blue fog
The image of fog in the works of artists
Morning fog.
Artist Kurgina Marina Yurievna
Fog.
Artist Ksenia Chernomor
Conclusions about the work done
Fog is a cloud that "descends" to the surface of the earth, that is, tiny droplets of water in the air. These droplets are formed either during the evaporation of reservoirs that are warmer than the air surrounding them. Most often, fogs form in autumn, at night or in the morning, when the surface of reservoirs cools more slowly than the air above it. Fog comes in several forms. I learned how to create fog at home. When studying natural phenomenon I was convinced that fog is a phenomenon striking in its diversity and unusualness. Reproduction of paintings, poems of poets and songs allowed me to see the beauty of this natural phenomenon.
This was a real discovery for me!
occurrence
The work was done by a student of the 2nd
course
Anokhina Yana Fog - atmospheric
event, accumulation
water in the air when
the smallest
condensation products
water vapor (at
air temperature
above −10° -
tiny droplets
water, at −10..−15° -
mixture of water droplets and
ice crystals,
temperatures below −15°
- ice crystals
sparkling in the sun
beams or in the light of the moon and
lanterns). General information
Relative humidity
in fogs it is usually close to 100
% (at least exceeds
85-90%). However, in strong
frosts (−30° and below) in
settlements, on
railway stations and
airfields, fogs can
be observed at any
relative humidity
(even less than 50%) - due to
water vapor condensation
formed during combustion
fuel (in engines, furnaces, etc.)
etc.) and thrown into
atmosphere through the exhaust
pipes and chimneys.
continuous duration
fog is usually from
several hours (and sometimes
half an hour to an hour) up to several days,
especially during the cold season
of the year. The fogs obstruct
normal operation of all
modes of transport
(especially aviation),
so fog forecast
has a large national economic
value.artificial
creating fogs
used in scientific
research, in
chemical
industry,
heat engineering, anti-
plant pests and
other areas. Varieties of fog
The following types of fog are noted at weather stations:
Translucent
fog
continuous fog
underground fog ground mist
Ground mist - mist, low
creeping over the earth
surface (or body of water)
continuous thin layer or
the form of separate shreds, so that in
fog layer horizontal
visibility is less than 1000
m, and at the level of 2 m - exceeds
1000 m (usually as
in haze, from 1 to 9 km, and sometimes
10 km or more). It is observed as
usually in the evening, night and
morning hours. Separately
marked ground ice
fog - observed at
air temperature below
−10..−15° and consisting of
ice crystals sparkling in
sunshine or moonlight
and lanterns. translucent fog
translucent fog - mist with
level visibility
2 m less than 1000 m (usually it
is several hundred meters, and
in some cases even reduced to
several tens of meters), weakly
it is possible to determine the state of the sky
(number and shape of clouds). More often
observed in the evening, at night and in the morning,
but can also be seen during the day
especially during the cold season
rise in air temperature.
Translucent
ice fog - observed at
air temperature below −10..−15° and
sparkling in the sun or
the light of the moon and lanterns. continuous fog
Fog - continuous fog with
horizontal visibility to
2 m level less than 1000 m (usually
it is several hundred
meters, and in some cases
reduced even to a few
tens of meters), enough
developed vertically, so that
impossible to determine
sky condition (number and
cloud shape). More often
observed in the evening, at night and
in the morning, but can be observed and
during the day, especially when it's cold
half a year with an increase
air temperature. Separately
icy fog is noted -
observed at temperature
air below −10..−15° and
made up of ice crystals
sparkling in the sun
or in the light of the moon and lanterns. Fog classification
By way
occurrence of fog
are divided into two types:
Cooling fogs -
are formed due to
water condensation
steam on cooling
air below the point
dew. dew
Mists of evaporation -
are vapors from
warmer
evaporating
surfaces in cold
air over water and
wet areas
sushi. In addition, fog
differ in
synoptic
conditions
education:
Intramass -
emerging in
homogeneous
air masses.
Frontal -
formed on
borders
atmospheric
fronts. Inside the massive fogs
sea mist
Radiation fogs
Advective fogs Radiation fogs
fogs that appear in
radiation
cooling of the earth's surface
and masses of wet ground
air to the dew point. Usually
radiation mist arises
at night in anticyclone conditions
in clear weather and
light breeze. Often
radiation mist arises
under conditions of temperature
inversion preventing
rise in air mass.
After sunrise
radiation fogs are usually
quickly dissipate. However, in
cold season in
stable anticyclones they
can persist during the day, sometimes
many days in a row. V
industrial areas can
an extreme form
radiation fog - smog. Advective fogs
formed as a result of cooling
warm moist air
moving over colder
land or water surface. Their
intensity depends on the difference
temperature between air and
underlying surface and
air moisture content. These
fogs can develop as over
by sea and over land and cover
huge spaces, in separate
cases up to hundreds of thousands of km².
Advective fogs are usually
occur on cloudy days and
most often in warm sectors
cyclones. Advective fogs
more stable than
radiation, and often not
scattered during the day. sea fogs
advective fog,
emerging from the sea
during the transfer
cold air to
warm water. This
fog is
evaporation mist.
Fogs of this type
frequent, for example,
Arctic when the air
comes from the ice
cover for open
sea surface. Frontal and dry fogs
Frontal fogs
EditFrontal fogs form near
atmospheric fronts and move with them.
Air is saturated with water vapor due to
evaporation of precipitation falling in the front zone. some
plays a role in strengthening the fog in front of the fronts
the drop in atmospheric pressure observed here,
which creates a slight adiabatic depression
air temperature.
Dry fogs
EditTo mists in colloquial speech and in
fiction is sometimes referred to as the so-called
dry fogs (haze, haze) - significant deterioration
visibility due to the smoke of forest, peat or steppe
fires, or due to loess dust or part of the sand,
lifted and carried by the wind, sometimes to considerable
distance, as well as due to industrial emissions
enterprises. Not rare is the transitional stage between dry and
wet fogs - such fogs consist of water
particles together with sufficiently large masses of dust, smoke and
soot. These are the so-called dirty, city fogs,
resulting from the presence in the air of large
mass cities particulate matter, emitted during the combustion
smoke, and even more - factory
pipes. Why does fog appear?
Many would be interested
find out why it appears
fog, and what is he like
is. mist
called
meteorological phenomenon,
during which in the air
there is a high
water vapor concentration. V
warm weather fog
represents
accumulation of small drops
water, and in the cold to them
small
ice crystals that
v sunshine may
shine. Fog formation mechanism
The formation of fog occurs at those moments
when cold air meets warm air
humidity over 85%. V settlements it
The phenomenon can also occur when relatively
little humidity. This happens in
as a result of the condensation of water vapor,
arising from the combustion of various types
fuel. It should be noted that the origin
fog is not always natural, it can
be artificial. Such mists wear
the name of the radiation. They are formed due to
air cooling under the influence of radiation.
Natural fogs have a denser
consistency than artificial ones, but
duration they can be from several
hours to several days. In fact, the fog
call it a cloud that forms over
ground or water surface. Most often fog
appears in lowlands and over reservoirs early
in the morning or at night. Why is it happening
exactly? This is because when it's cold
air comes into contact with warm soil or water,
moisture begins to condense and
drops of water just hangs in the atmosphere. Therein
the place where fog occurs, the relative
humidity approaches 100%. The structure of fog is directly dependent on temperature.
air. At temperatures above -10 degrees cloud
consists of very small drops of water, from -10 to -15
degrees is a mixture of water and the smallest
ice crystals, if the temperature is below -15
degrees, then the cloud will consist entirely of
ice crystals. As for the inhabitants
points, then the fog will be denser there due to
condensation of steam from exhaust gases. By level
visibility fogs can be divided into several
types: haze, ground, translucent and
solid. A very faint cloud is called haze.
Ground fog is the one that spreads along
surface of water or land with a thin continuous
layer and has little effect on visibility. Visibility
with translucent fog, it ranges from tens
up to hundreds of meters, but through it you can see
clouds, sky, moon and stars. As for the continuous
fog, then it is a whitish cloud,
through which it is almost impossible to see
even large objects at a distance of tens
meters. Being in it, one can feel very tangibly
dampness, as well as almost impossible to see
clouds, sky and sun. This phenomenon makes it difficult
movement of many modes of transport, in particular
aircraft.
The world is full of unknown secrets. In this work, I will try to reveal one of them. The problem with the research is that people often confuse fog with steam. Obviously, there is nothing in common between them, because steam is a gas that is invisible. I decided to find out how fogs are made, what kind of fogs there are in Russia.
The relevance of our work is to study the features of the process of formation of water droplets that make up the fog. The social significance lies in the fact that thanks to this work, people learn about the impact of fog on human life. For me personally, what is important in my work is that I learn a lot about water and its conditions. The practical significance of this work lies in the modeling of the photo exhibition "Fogs of" Russia "and the use of the results of the work in the lessons of the world around.
Files:
- Appendix: Secrets of nature. Formation of fog droplets at different temperatures As of January 30, 2018 3:16 PM (447.5 KB)
- Text of the work: Secrets of nature. Formation of fog droplets at different temperatures As of January 30, 2018 3:16 PM (351.1 KB)
Expert evaluation results
Expert map of the interdistrict stage 2017/2018 (Experts: 2)
Total points: 16.5
